BIOD 151 MODULE 4 THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
EXAM QUESTIONS GUIDE WITH PICTURES 2022-
2023/ALREADY GRADED A
Functions of the Skeleton
- Protects vital organs
- Flat bones produce blood cells
- Storage areas for inorganic calcium and phosphorus salts
- Provide sites for attachment of muscles, tendons, and ligaments
- Long bones permit flexible body movement
- Large bones support the body against the pull of gravity
(Protect, produce, store, provide, permit, support)
- Types of Bones
Long, flat, short, irregular, sesamoid Long Bones Long and thin; designed to support body weight and enable movement
Ex: humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula, metacarpals, metatarsals
Flat Bones Bones of the skull, ribs, and breastbone
Produce blood cells 1 / 4
Short Bones Small and cubed shaped
Ex: carpals in the hand and tarsals in the foot
Irregular Bones Varied in structure with ridges or irregular surfaces
Ex: vertebrae and pelvic bones
Skull Forms a protective encasement for the brain
Formed by 22 bones: the cranium (8 bones) and facial bones (14 bone)
Rib Cage Provides protection for the heart and lungs 2 / 4
Vertebrae Irregular bones designed to protect the spinal cord and enable spinal movements
Pelvic Bones Ilium, ischium, pubis
Sesamoid Bones Small and round; reinforce tendons
Ex: patella
Bone Landmarks Distinct markings, ridges, grooves, or holes on each bone Functions of Bone Landmarks
- Some allow for tendons to attach
- Indicate where nerves and blood vessels run alongside the bone or penetrate the bone to provide
blood and nerve supply Foremen, Canal, Fissure 3 / 4
Type of bone landmark; openings in bone to allow for nerves, blood supply, or a passageway
Sinus Type of bone landmark; hollow chamber in bone, usually filled with air
Process, Ramus Type of bone landmark; elevations in bone
Trochanter, Tuberosity, Tubercle, Crest, Line, Spine Type of bone landmark; processes or projections for tendon or ligament attachment
Head, Neck, Condole, Trochlea, Facet Type of bone landmark; processes designed for articulation with adjacent bones
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