1
BIOD 152 EXAMS/ ALL MODULES 1-5 COMPLETE STUDY
GUIDE QUESTIONS 2024. WITH CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS
BIOD 152 module 1 Exam Questions with Answers.
What causes the differences in intensity of a sensation? - ANSWER - Due to the number of neurons stimulated and the frequency with which they are stimulated
An impulse from a neuron moves in both directions T or F - ANSWER - False
What is meant by neuron signals being electrochemical in nature? - ANSWER - The signal moves from electrical (through the neuron) to chemical (in the synapse) to electrical again once the signal reaches the next neuron
What is the chemical portion of neuron signal transmission? - ANSWER - neurotransmitters
How is an impulse passed from one nerve cell to another? - ANSWER - There is a minute fluid-filled space, called a synapse, between the axon terminal of the sending neuron and the dendrite of the receiving neuron. When a nerve impulse reaches the end of an axon, neurotransmitters are released into the synapse. These bind with a receptor on the next neuron, opening Na+ gates in the receiving dendrite which causes depolarization and the impulse is carried
- / 4
2 Describe the movement of nerve impulses in the PNS - ANSWER - the PNS receives impulses from the sensory organs via the afferent division and then relays signals or impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands via the efferent division
What are the 2 divisions of the efferent division of the PNS? - ANSWER - somatic system and autonomic system
What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system? - ANSWER - activates and prepares the body for vigorous muscular activity, stress, and emergencies
What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system? - ANSWER - operates during normal situations, permits digestion, and conserves energy.
What is controlled by the somatic and autonomic nervous systems - ANSWER - The somatic system controls the movements of skeletal muscles, skin, and joints. The autonomic system nerves control the glands and smooth muscles of the internal organs
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? – ANSWER - Anatomy- study of the structure of body parts Physiology- study of the functions of the body The physiology of the body depends on the anatomy of the body
How does the nervous system work? – ANSWER - receives and processes info and sends out signals to the muscles and glands to elicit an response
List the 2 parts of the nervous system. – ANSWER - CNS and PNS (central nervous system and peripheral nervous system)
How are the parts of the central nervous system protected? – ANSWER - The skull protects the brain and the vertebrae protect the spinal cord
What are the collections of cell bodies in the CNS called? - ANSWER - Nuclei 2 / 4
3
What are the collection of nerve axons in the CNS called? - ANSWER - Tracts
What is included in the peripheral nervous system? - ANSWER - cranial nerves and spinal nerves
What are the collections of cell bodies inside in the PNS called? - ANSWER - Ganglia
What are the collections of nerve axons in the PNS called? - ANSWER - Nerves
What are the 2 divisions of the PNS? - ANSWER - afferent and efferent
What are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system? - ANSWER - sympathetic and parasympathetic
label components of a neuron - ANSWER - see image
List 3 unusual characteristics of neurons - ANSWER - Neurons do not undergo mitosis (cell division), require enormous amounts of fuel being able to survive just minutes without oxygen and can last an entire human lifetime
List the 3 parts that all neurons contain - ANSWER - dendrites, cell body, axon
Describe the structure and function of the neuron cell body - ANSWER - Synthesizes all nerve cell products, consists of a large nucleus with surrounding cytoplasm containing the normal organelles
Describe the structure and function of the dendrite - ANSWER - Numerous short extensions that emanate from the cell body which receive information from other neurons conducting those nerve impulses toward the cell body
Describe the axon, including the number in each neuron, function, structure and organelles - ANSWER - Conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body to its axon terminals where it is emitted across a synapse to the dendrite of another neuron. Axons are composed of cells like the cell body but lack rough endoplasmic reticulum
- / 4
4 Describe the function and site of synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters - ANSWER - One of the main functions of the cell body is to manufacture neurotransmitters, which are chemicals stored in secretory vesicles at the end of axon terminals.When neurotransmitters are released by the axon terminal vesicles, they carry the transmission of the nerve impulse from one neuron to another
What is a synapse? - ANSWER - Gap between neurons
Where is a post-synaptic neuron found? - ANSWER - after the synapse
What neurons have three or more extensions from the cell body and have one axon and many dendrites? - ANSWER - Multipolar
What neurons have a central cell body with two extensions? - ANSWER - Bipolar
What neurons have one extension off the cell body which branches into 2; one central process running to the CNS and another peripheral process running to the sensory receptor? - ANSWER - Unipolar
What neurons are unipolar and function to carry info from the PNS to the CNS? - ANSWER - Sensory
These types of neurons are called association neurons - ANSWER - Interneurons
What neurons send messages from the CNS to the PNS? - ANSWER - Motor
What is the function of neuroglial cells? - ANSWER - Neuroglial cells are support cells, helping to support neurons to enable them to thrive in their needed environment
What are the PNS neuroglial cells? - ANSWER - Schwann cells and satellite cells
Axons cannot regenerate in the PNS T or F - ANSWER - False
Myelin sheath is continuous and has no gaps T or F - ANSWER - False
List the four types of support neuroglial cells in the CNS and function of each - ANSWER - Ependymal cells circulate cerebrospinal fluid and allow fluid exchange between brain, spinal cord and cerebrospinal
- / 4