BIOD152 Module 7 Latest Update 2024-2025 Actual Exam 100 Questions and 100% Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed A+ Verified by Professor
A patient was just placed under general anesthesia. He is now awake and telling you he is having a hard time excreting urine. What is most likely causing the difficulty? -
CORRECT ANSWER: Urinary retention due to slowed detrusor muscle
A person is hyperventilating. This falls under what control mechanism? Explain what
hyperventilation accomplishes - CORRECT ANSWER: Respiratory control mechanism-
hyperventilation is an increase in the respiratory rate, helping to remove additional CO2 from the body. In minutes, this mechanism reduces CO2 in the body. Removing CO2 uses up H+ causing the pH to rise (becoming more alkaline) and restores the correct blood pH
A person sustained blunt force trauma to the back at the T5 level with no spinal cord injury. Would you expect the kidneys to be damaged? Why or why not? - CORRECT
ANSWER: No, the kidneys lie between T-12 and L-3
After filtration occurs, next blood travels into these vessels - CORRECT ANSWER: Efferent arterioles
Based strictly on anatomical structural differences, are males or females more likely to
get a UTI? Explain your answer - CORRECT ANSWER: Females, the female urethra is
shorter and only carries urine while the male urethra is about 5 times longer. Since the female urethra is short and the external opening is close to the anus, improper wiping or poor hygiene after defecation can easily carry fecal bacteria into the urethra. Bacteria enter the urethra and travel up to the bladder, causing a urinary tract infection (UTI).
Calculate the NFP for your patient given the following values
COP: 25
Capsular pressure: 15 1 / 2
Hydrostatic pressure: 50
GFR: 120 - CORRECT ANSWER: (Outgoing forces-incoming forces) HP- (COP+Capsular)
50- (25+15)
=10mmHg (net outward pressure)
Describe how aldosterone release occurs apart from the RAA system - CORRECT ANSWER: Aldosterone can be released directly in response to high K+ levels or low Na+ ion levels in the extracellular compartment
Describe in detail how the kidney controls its own rate of blood flow through the nephron
- CORRECT ANSWER: Renal autoregulation: the kidney determines its own blood flow
by controlling the diameter of the afferent and efferent arterioles. Due to this autoregulation, the kidney can maintain a constant GFR despite variations in the arterial blood pressure in the rest of the body
Describe in detail what happens during an emergency to control the rate of blood to the
kidney - CORRECT ANSWER: The renal autoregulatory system becomes superseded
by higher level nervous system controls. When the nervous system takes over regulation, the afferent arterioles diameter is narrowed by sympathetic nerve fibers. The release of the hormone epinephrine by the adrenal medulla causes a decrease in renal blood flow and decreases the GFR. Constriction of the renal arteries is only to be used for a short period of time
Describe the action of alcohol (diuretic) on urinary output - CORRECT ANSWER:
Alcohol inhibits the release of ADH
Describe the action of aldosterone on the concentrations of sodium and hydrogen in the filtrate - CORRECT ANSWER: Sodium is removed from the filtrate while hydrogen is pumped inside the filtrate
Describe the consistency and purpose of the renal adipose capsule - CORRECT ANSWER: Outside of the renal capsule is a fatty layer that protects the kidney from trauma
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