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BIOD331 Final Exam, Pathophysiology Test Bank, BIOD331 Questions and Answers, Disease Mechanisms Exam, BIOD331 Study Guide, Clinical Pathophysiology Exam, BIOD331 Verified Answers
What type of signaling occurs when a cell releases a chemical into the extracellular fluid that affects its own activity? - ANSWER-Autocrine
What type of signaling depends on hormones carried in the bloodstream to act on cells throughout the body? - ANSWER- Endocrine
What type of signaling occurs in the nervous system as neurotransmitters act on adjacent nerve cells? - ANSWER- Synaptic
Explain how the skin's physical barrier makes it inhospitable to microorganisms - ANSWER-Our skin is comprised of closely packed cells in multiple layers. Keratin is what covers the skin and makes it a salty acidic inhospitable environment to microbes with the use of proteins and lysozymes.
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Explain the challenges of diagnosing autoimmune disorders - ANSWER-There are over 80 identified, many with overlapping presentations. Many manifestations are nonspecific and are seen in other non-autoimmune diseases. Blood testing isn't perfect either, as some tests are more generic and can be elevated in the presence of other diseases.
You recently diagnosed your patient with Narcolepsy. You prescribed a low dose of Adderall to treat his daytime sleepiness.What are TWO behavior modifications he should make to control/prevent his symptoms? - ANSWER-He should practice proper sleep hygiene, avoid sleep deprivation, and practice safety during high-risk activities, e.g. driving. He should take several short naps per day (approximately 15 minutes in length) to help ease the symptom of daytime sleepiness.
Your friend is suffering from adjustment insomnia. She just started a new job and is anxious about her new responsibilities.What are TWO behavior modifications she can make to prevent sleep disturbances? - ANSWER-Treatment and prevention for any type of insomnia must begin with patient education to promote good sleep hygiene (sleep habits.) This involves the establishment of consistent sleep patterns (going to bed at the same time each night and only sleeping as long as one needs to feel refreshed during the day), creating a comfortable sleeping 2 / 4
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environment (optimal room temperature), avoidance of screens and excessive light right before bed, and finally, avoidance of stimulants (caffeine) several hours prior to normal bedtime.
Your patient has been suffering from chronic insomnia for the past 6 months. You have prescribed her Ambien as a sedative, but what are TWO additional behavior modifications she can make to prevent sleep disturbances? - ANSWER-Treatment and prevention for any type of insomnia must begin with patient education to promote good sleep hygiene (sleep habits.) This involves the establishment of consistent sleep patterns (going to bed at the same time each night and only sleeping as long as one needs to feel refreshed during the day),creating a comfortable sleeping environment (optimal room temperature), avoidance of screens and excessive light right before bed, and finally, avoidance of stimulants (caffeine) several hours prior to normal bedtime.
True/False: The T cells that display the host's MHC antigens and
T-cell receptors for a nonself-antigen are allowed to mature, a process termed negative selection. - ANSWER-False
You are seeing Jenny, a 25-year-old female in your office whose chief complaint is debilitating pain in the MCP joints of both hands. Jenny reports general feelings of fatigue, and you notice 3 / 4
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nodules over her MCP joints. She states that she experiences stiffness in her hands in the morning that lasts well over an hour.However, as she gets moving, this seems to subside. Would you suspect that Jenny has OA or RA? List TWO pieces of evidence that support your diagnosis. - ANSWER-Jenny more than likely has RA. She is young. She has a bilateral presentation. Her MCP joints are affected, which is most common with RA. She is exhibiting systemic symptoms of fatigue. She has prolonged morning stiffness in her joints, but this is alleviated with movement.
You are seeing Lynn, a 40-year-old female in your office whose chief complaint is severe pain in the DIP joints of both of her hands. She is a medical transcriptionist and types all day long.She reports that her pain gets worse as the day goes on. Would you suspect that Lynn has OA or RA? List TWO pieces of evidence that support your diagnosis. - ANSWER-Lynn more than likely has OA. Her age of onset is between 30 and 60. Her DIP joints are affected, which is common with OA but not for RA. She has a job that is repetitive in nature. Her symptoms get worse with activity/as the day goes on.
(If the correct diagnosis is identified, 3 points should be awarded. Full credit should be given if the correct diagnosis is made with two pieces of supporting evidence.)
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