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BIOL 1090 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM
TEST BANK| COMPLETE 400 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+| BIOL 1090 EXAM
REVIEW 2025 (BRAND NEW!!)
What are the 6 functions of biological membranes - ANSWER - 1.defines cell boundary
- defines organelles compartments
- control movement in and out material in and out of the cell. (semi
- provide scaffold for biochemical activities.
- allow response to external stimuli
- allows for interactions between cells.
permeable)
How thick is the plasma membrane? - ANSWER - 5-10 nm
What is the lipid bilayer made of? - ANSWER - phospholipids
What is meant by the fluid mosaic model - ANSWER - Cell membranes are fluid and mobile, and have a mosaic-like and diverse arrangement of proteins.
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pg. 2 What is the cytosolic leaflet - ANSWER - inner leaflet of the membrane that interacts with the cytosol
What is the phospholipid structure - ANSWER - 1 glycerol back bone +
- fatty acids chains + 1 phosphate group that connects the polar head to
the non-polar chains
How are phospholipids amphipathic - ANSWER - have a hydrophobic and hydrophilic section
How do we obtain the carbohydrate structures associated with phospholipids - ANSWER - through glycolysis
How does the hydrophobic end bind to the hydrophilic end - ANSWER - via phosphate to glycerol
types of polar head groups - ANSWER - choline, serine, ethanolamine, inostinostiol
What happens when phospholipids are put in water - ANSWER - they SPONTANOUSLY self-assemble into a bilayer with the hydrophilic heads facing out and the hydrophobic tails facing in (found in cell membranes)
How is the mitochondrial membrane different? - ANSWER - inner membrane has very high conc. of protein that is needed for electron transport chain and ATP synthesis 2 / 4
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pg. 3 How are the myelin sheaths of neuronal cells different? - ANSWER - consists of layers of plasma membrane wrapped around neuron's axon with low amount of proteins
Why are the myelin sheaths of neuronal cells different? - ANSWER - for insulation and an increase in the speed of nerve impulses
What do phospholipids with a single fatty acid chain form after being put in water - ANSWER - Micelle
What do phospholipids with 2 fatty acid chains form after being put in water - ANSWER - Bilayer or liposome
What are oligosaccharides? - ANSWER - 3-10 monosaccharides that function as a zip code that are bonded to proteins found in the er and golgi apparatus
What is epimedium? - ANSWER - ideal functionality of the membrane; somewhere in between the two membr. crystal states
Where are phospholipids made? - ANSWER - interface of the cytosol, outer ER membrane
What are integral/transmembrane proteins - ANSWER - span the lipid
bilayer:
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pg. 4 What are peripheral proteins - ANSWER - bound to the surface of the membrane
What are lipid membrane proteins - ANSWER - attaches to lipids in the bilayer
What type of membrane proteins connects the inside and the outside cell
- ANSWER - Integral proteins
What are the functions of integral proteins - ANSWER - 1. Transport nutrients and ions.
- Cell communication via gap junction
- Attachment.
What are the 2 transporter mediated forms of moving substances through a membrane - ANSWER - facilitated diffusion and active transport
What is needed for passive movement - ANSWER - a concentration gradient
How does the kidney continue to reabsorb glucose after it reaches extracellular and intracellular equilibrium. - ANSWER - It relies on the chemical gradient of a second molecule that would not reach extracellular and intracellular equilibrium.
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