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MENTAL
DISORDER
Biological Dimension Genetics, Epigenetics, Brain Anatomy, Biochemical Processes, Central Nervous System Function- ing, Autonomic Nervous System Reactivity, etc.Social Dimension Family, Interpersonal Relationships, Social Support, Marital Status, Community Connections, etc.Sociocultural Dimension Race, Gender, Sexual Orientation, Religion, Socioeconomic Status, Ethnicity, Culture, etc.Psychological Dimension Personality, Cognition, Emotions, Learning, Coping Skills, Self-Esteem, Self-Efficacy, Values, Early Experiences, etc. Multipath Model of Mental Disorders
The multipath model operates under several assumptions:
• No one theoretical perspective is adequate to explain the complexity of the human condition and the development of mental disorders.• There are multiple pathways to and influences on the development of any single disorder. Explanations of abnormal behavior must consider biological, psychological, social, and sociocultural elements.• Not all dimensions contribute equally to a disorder. In the case of some disorders, current research suggests that certain etiological forces have the strongest influence on the development of the specific disorder. Additionally, our understanding of mental disorders often evolves as further investigation provides new insight into contributing factors.• The multipath model is integrative and interactive. It acknowledges that factors may combine in complex and reciprocal ways so that people exposed to the same influences may not develop the same disorder and that different individuals exposed to different factors may develop similar mental disorders.• The biological and psychological strengths and assets of a person and positive aspects of the person’s social and sociocultural environment can help protect against psychopathology, minimize symptoms, or facilitate recovery from mental illness.Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 2 / 3
Biological Dimension • Reduced genetic vulnerability to stress • Maintain physical fitness • Consume a healthy diet • Moderate alcohol consumption • Avoid cigarettes and other harmful substances • Minimize exposure to environ- mental toxins • Maintain physical safety Social Dimension • Connection with significant others • Meaningful social relations • Ability to seek help from others • Sense of belonging • Community involvement • Understanding the power of media messages Sociocultural Dimension • Supportive social institutions • Safe and caring communities • Spirituality and religion • Cultural gr oup identification • Gender and racial/ethnic equality • Cultural connections • Positive outlook • Gratitude• Coping and problem-solving skills• Mindfulness• Cognitive flexibility• Emotional regulation• Meaning and purpose in life • Perceived personal control Psychological Dimension
RESILIENCE
• Maintaining Emotional Equilibrium • Coping with Stress and Hardship • Facing Adversity with Strength • Recovering from Trauma • Recovering from Mental Illness Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
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