Biology Laboratory Manual - Cover Page

Biology Laboratory Manual - Cover Page Biology Laboratory Manual Thirteenth Edition Darrell S. Vodopich Baylor University Randy Moore University of Minnesota McGraw Hill

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Biology Laboratory Manual - Table of Contents Contents Prefacev Teaching and Learning Toolsix Welcome to the Biology Laboratoryxii Exercise 1

Scientific Method: The Process of Science 1

Exercise 2

Measurements in Biology: The Metric System and Data Analysis 11

Exercise 3

The Microscope: Basic Skills of Light Microscopy 21

Exercise 4

The Cell: Structure and Function 33

Exercise 5

Solutions, Acids, and Bases: The pH Scale 51

Exercise 6

Biologically Important Molecules: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic

Acids 59 Exercise 7

Separating Organic Compounds: Column Chromatography, Paper Chromatogra-

phy, and Gel Electrophoresis 73 Exercise 8

Spectrophotometry: Identifying Solutes and Determining Their Concentration

83 Exercise 9

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Diffusion and Osmosis: Passive Movement of Molecules in Biological Systems 95

Exercise 10

Cellular Membranes: Effects of Physical and Chemical Stress 109

Exercise 11

Enzymes: Factors Affecting the Rate of Activity 117

Exercise 12

Respiration: Aerobic and Anaerobic Oxidation of Organic Molecules 129

Exercise 13

Photosynthesis: Pigment Separation, Starch Production, and CO2 Uptake 141

Exercise 14

Mitosis: Replication of Eukaryotic Cells 153

Exercise 15

Meiosis: Reduction Division and Gametogenesis 163

Exercise 16

Molecular Biology and Biotechnology: DNA Isolation and Genetic Transforma-

tion 175 Exercise 17

Genetics: The Principles of Mendel 183

Exercise 18

Evolution: Natural Selection and Morphological Change in Green Algae 199

Exercise 19

Human Evolution: Skull Examination 211

Exercise 20

Ecology: Diversity and Interaction in Plant Communities 223

Exercise 21 Community Succession 233 Exercise 22

Population Growth: Limitations of the Environment 241

Exercise 23

Pollution: The Effects of Chemical, Thermal, and Acidic Pollution 249

Exercise 24

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Survey of Prokaryotes: Domains Archaea and Bacteria 259

Exercise 25

Survey of Protists: Algal Autotrophs 275

Exercise 26

Survey of Protists: Protozoan Heterotrophs 289

Exercise 27

Survey of the Kingdom Fungi: Molds, Sac Fungi, Mushrooms, and Lichens 299

Exercise 28

Survey of the Plant Kingdom: Liverworts, Mosses, and Hornworts of Phyla

Hepatophyta, Bryophyta, and Anthocerophyta 315 Exercise 29

Survey of the Plant Kingdom: Seedless Vascular Plants of Phyla Pterophyta

and Lycophyta 325 Exercise 30

Survey of the Plant Kingdom: Gymnosperms of Phyla Cycadophyta, Ginkgo-

phyta, Coniferophyta, and Gnetophyta 337 Exercise 31

Survey of the Plant Kingdom: Angiosperms 347

iv TOC-1

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