BIOS 100 Quiz 11 - disturbances (catastrophes), was Cuvier's attem...

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BIOS 100 Quiz 11

• Catastrophism, meaning the regular occurrence of geological or meteo- rological

disturbances (catastrophes), was Cuvier's attempt to explain the existence of:

Answer The fossil record.

• Darwin's mechanism of natural selection required long time spans in order to modify

species. From whom did Darwin get the concept of Earth's ancient age?:

Answer Charles Lyell

• Which of these naturalists synthesized a concept of natural selection inde- pendently of

Darwin?:

Answer Alfred Wallace

4. Charles Darwin was the first person to propose...:

Answer A mechanism for evolution that was supported by evidence.

• In Darwin's thinking, the more closely related two different organisms are, the...:

Answer More recently they shared a common ancestor.

• Which of these conditions should completely prevent the occurrence of natural selection in

a population over time?:

Answer All variation between individuals is due only to environmental factors.

7. Natural selection is based on all of the following EXCEPT...:

Answer...

8. Which statement about natural selection is most correct?:

Answer Well-adapted individuals leave more offspring, and thus contribute more to the next generation's gene pool, than do poorly adapted individuals.

• Given a population that contains genetic variation, what is the correct sequence of the

following events, under the influence of natural selection?

• Well-adapted individuals leave more offspring than do poorly adapted indi- viduals. 1 / 2

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• A change occurs in the environment.
• Genetic frequencies within the population change.

4. Poorly adapted individuals have decreased survivorship.:

Answer 2-->4-->1-->3

• To observe natural selection's effects on a population, which of these must be true?:

Answer One must observe more than one generation of the population; the population must contain genetic variation.

• During drought years on the Galapagos, small, easily eaten seeds become rare, leaving

mostly large, hard-cased seeds that only birds with large beaks can eat. If a drought persists

for several years, what should one expect to result from natural selection?:

Answer More small-beaked birds dying than larger-beaked birds. The offspring produced in subsequent generations have a higher percentage of birds with large beaks.

• Which of the following must exist in a population before natural selection can act upon

that population?:

Answer...

• Which statement best describes the evolution of pesticide resistance in a population of

insects?:

Answer Offspring of insects that are genetically resistant to the pesticide become more abundant as the susceptible insects die off.

• DDT was once considered a "silver bullet" that would permanently eradi- cate insect

pests.Today, instead, DDT is largely useless against many insects. Which of these would have been required for this pest eradication effort to be successful in the long run?: Answer None of the individual insects should have possessed genomes that made them resistant to DDT.

• Of the following anatomical structures, which is homologous to the wing of a bat?:

Answer Flipper of a whale.

• If two modern organisms are distantly related in an evolutionary sense, then one should

expect that:

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