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BIOS 105 Cell Flashcards
1. Nucleus:
Answer The most obvious organelle in any eukaryotic cell.In the nucleus is the DNA resposible for providing the cell with its characteristics.
2. Nucleolus: Inside of the nucleus.
Answer
- Produces ribosomes, which move out of the nucleus and take positions on the rough
endoplasmic reticulum for protein synthesis.
3. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER):
Answer Appears "pebbled" due to ribosomes on the surface.
- Proteins synthesized on the ribosomes collect in the RER for transport.
4. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER):
Answer Appears smooth. It has different func- tions depending on the specific cell type.
- Lipd and steroid hormone synthesis.
- Breakdown of lipid-soluble toxins in liver cells.
- Control of calcium release in muscle cell contraction.
- Cytosol/Cytoplasm: The "soup" where the other cell organelles reside and where
most metabolism occurs.
Answer
- Mostly water.
- Has proteins that control cell metabolism.
- Cytoplasm is the cytosol + organelles.
6. Centrosome/Centriole: An are in the cell where microtubules are produced.
Answer
- The animal cell centrosome is a pair of small organelles called centrioles.
- Each centriole is a ring of nine groups of fused microtubules.
- Plant cells do not have centrioles. 1 / 2
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7. Golgi Apparatus: A membrane-bound structure with a single membrane.
Answer
- A stack of membrane-bound vesicles that are packing macromolecules for trans- port.
8. Lysosome: Hydrolytic enzyemes necessary for intracellular digestion.
Answer
- Common in aminal cells.
- Uncontrolled release of lysosome contents into the cytoplasm can cause cell death (necrosis).
9. Vesicles:
Answer Cell secretions packaged in secretory vesicles at the Golgi apparatus.
- The secretory vesicles are transported to the cell surface for release.
- Ex; hormones, neurotransmitters.
10. Cell Membrane:
Answer Every cell is enclosed in a membrane.
- Acts as. protective barrier.
11. Mitochondrion:
Answer Provides the energy a cell needs to move, divide, produce products, and contract.
- "Powerhouse of the cell".
- Membrane-bound organelles, and have a double membrane.
12. Vacuole:
Answer A membrane-bound sac that plays roles in intracellular digestion and the releae of cellular waste products.
- In animal cells, vacuoles are generally small.
- In plant cells, vacuole regulates turgor pressure in the cell.
13. Cell Wall:
Answer Plant cells have a rigid, protective cell wall made up of polysaccha- rides.
- Usually cellulose.
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