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BIOS 135 Module 1 Questions
- How do the definitions of "nutrient" and "essential nutrient" differ? In
other words, what is true about both nutrients and essential nutrients and what
is true about an essential nutrient that is not true of all nutrients?:
Answer Nutrient: substance found in foods that is required for maintenance of health and proper body function Essential Nutrient: body cannot make the nutrient in adequate amounts so we must get it from food -Both needed for proper body function but essential nutrients are not made in the body. Most nutrients are essential nutrients
2. How does a nutrient differ from a phytochemical or zoochemical?:
Answer Phyto- chemical: chemicals made by plants
-most non-nutrients are phytochemicals
3. What are the basic functions of nutrients?:
Answer 1. Structural - building physical components of cells
- Regulatory - maintaining proper balance of hormones, temperature,
- Energy Provision - providing fuel for cells to perform work
chemical reactions, etc.
- How does a standard food differ from a functional food? Do you think such
a distinction should be made?:
Answer Functional Food: one which may provide health benefits beyond basic
nutrition, usually due to the addition or non-nutrients known or purported to have health-enhancing effects
- Identify the 6 classes of nutrients. How many kcalories are associated
with each class of nutrients? Which nutrients are organic?:
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Answer Carbohydrates (4 kcal/gram), Fats (9 kcal/gram), Proteins (4 kcal/gram), Water, Vitamins, Minerals.Organic - carbohydrates, fats, proteins
- What are the basic atoms or elements in carbohydrate, protein, fat (triglyc-
eride), vitamins?:
Answer They are organic molecules meaning they contain carbon bond- ed to hydrogen
- What subunits (smaller chemical groups) make up fat (triglyceride)?
Carbo- hydrates? Proteins?:
Answer Triglyceride - fatty acids Carbohydrates - sugars Proteins - amino acids
- What is the unit of measure for each class of nutrients? Which nutrients are
considered macronutrients? Micronutrients?:
Answer Unit of Measure - Macronutrients: kilograms or grams
Micronutrients: milligrams or micrograms
Macronutrients - carbohydrates, lipids, proteins,water Micronutrients - vitamins and minerals
9. Carbohydrate - size, organic/inorganic, measure, energy:
Answer Size: macronutrient Organic/Inorganic: organic
Measure: kg or g
Energy: 4kcal/g
10. Triglyceride - size, organic/inorganic, measure, energy:
Answer Size: macronutrient Organic/Inorganic: organic
Measure: kg or g
Energy: 9kcal/g
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