BIOS 195 final exam v3

SUBSCRIBE

BIOS 195 final exam v3

• genus name

–Answer shared name for a group of closely related species (capitalized, first)

• specific epithet

–Answer unique name for each species (lowercase, second)

• biologists use a domain grouping of life

–Answer 3

• 3 domains of life

–Answer eukaryotes, archaea, bacteria

• endosymbiosis (def and what it introduced)

–Answer cell somewhat "eats" other cells the likely process which introduced mitochondria and chloroplasts to the tree of life

• endosymbiotic theory

–Answer endosymbiosis is the likely process which introduced mitochondria and chloroplasts to the tree of life

• organelles do the following (5; Division, DNA, relationship to ,

genes to make ) –Answer

• have genomes
• have circular DNA
• divide by binary fission
• are related to extant prokaryotes
• have genes to make peptidoglycan 1 / 3

SUBSCRIBE

• most basal clade of living organisms

–Answer bacteria

• prokaryote features/synapomorphies (7- genes, internal, chromosome, size, cellularity, cell

division, unique body part) –Answer

• genetic recombination

–Answer occurs through horizontal gene transfer

• internal compartmentalization

–Answer no membrane-bound organelles

• chromosome

–Answer single circular double-stranded DNA, located in the nucleoid

• most have very small cell size
• unicellularity

–Answer most are single-celled

• flagellum

–Answer body extension which is found in most, used like a propeller

• cell division

–Answer most divide by binary fission

• prokaryotes reproduce , meaning what in terms of genetic recombi- nation, diversity,

and recombination?–Answer asexually, no crossing over/recombination, low gene pool diversity

• conjugation and who uses it 2 / 3

SUBSCRIBE

–Answer one cell donates genetic information to the other cell, bacterial equivalent of sex

• transduction and who uses it

–Answer transfer of DNA from one bacteria to another with the aid of viruses

• transformation (DNA environmentally introduced)

–Answer bacteria consume DNA fragments from environment (due to other cell bursting/dissolving/etc.)

• autotrophs

–Answer acquire carbon from inorganic CO2 (atmosphere)

• heterotrophs

–Answer acquire carbon from organic molecules (consumption)

• infectious diseases killed % of children before the age of 5 in the 20th

century –Answer 20

• beneficial prokaryotes (4, used for what and what is it important for?)

–Answer

• crucial to chemical cycles
• used in genetic engineering
• used in bioremediation (removing pollutants from the environment)
• important for digestion
• methanogens (archaea, 3)

–Answer

• use H2 to reduce CO2 to CH4 (methane)
• strict anaerobes that live in swamps, guts of grazers, etc
• release approx. 2 billion tons of methane into earth's atmosphere
• / 3