BIOS 225 Final Exam 2

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BIOS 225 Final Exam 2

• -concentrations of ions across membrane change

-membrane permeability to ions changes –Answer Membrane potential changes when –Answer

• epithelial tissue (epithelium)

–Answer a sheet of cells that covers body surfaces or cavities

• functions of epithelial tissue

–Answer protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secre- tion, sensory reception

• epithelial tissue characteristics

–Answer polarity, specialized contacts, supported by connective tissue, avascular but innervated, regeneration

• stratified epithelium

–Answer Two or more layers of cells that protect underlying tissues in areas of wear and tear

• simple epithelium

–Answer absorption, secretion, filtration

• pseudostratified columnar epithelium

–Answer -involved in secretion of mucus and movement of mucus via ciliary sweeping action -Located mostly in upper respiratory tract, ducts of large glands, and tubules in testes

• merocrine 1 / 3

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–Answer most secrete products by exocytosis as secretions are produced (sweat, pancreas)

• holocrine

–Answer accumulate products within, then rupture (sebaceous oil glands)

• apocrine

–Answer accumulate products within, but only apex ruptures

• connective tissue

–Answer most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body -Function –Answer binding and support, protecting, isolating, storing reserve fuel and trans- porting substances (blood)

• connective tissue characteristics

–Answer All have common embryonic origin –Answer all arise from mesenchyme tissue as their tissue of origin Have varying degrees of vascularity (cartilage is avascular, bone is highly vascular- ized) Cells are suspended/embedded in extracellular matrix (ECM) (protein-sugar mesh) Matrix supports cells so they can bear weight, withstand tension, endure abuse

• connective tissue main elements

–Answer ground substance, fibers, and cells

• ground substance and fibers

–Answer two main elements of extracellular matrix

• collagen fibers 2 / 3

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–Answer Strongest and most abundant type Tough; provides high tensile strength

• elastic fibers

–Answer Networks of long, thin, elastin fibers that allow for stretch and recoil

• reticular fibers

–Answer short, fine, highly branched collagenous fibers, branching forms networks that offer more "give"

• Cartilage

–Answer matrix secreted from chondroblasts (during growth) and chondro- cytes (adults) -tough yet flexible material that lacks nerve fibers

• Avascular

–Answer receives nutrients from membrane surrounding it (perichondrium) -perichondrium gives rise to chondroblasts and chondrocytes

• integumentary system

–Answer skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous (oil) glands

• Epidermis

–Answer superficial region, consists of epithelial tissue and is avascular

• Dermis

–Answer underlies epidermis, mostly fibrous connective tissue, vascular

• Hypodermis (superficial fascia)

–Answer Subcutaneous layer deep to skin Not part of skin but shares some functions

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