BIOS 254 Final exam 2

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BIOS 254 Final exam 2

• Which of the following is (are) not important as a stimulus in the gastric phase of

gastric secretion?(a) Peptides (b) Carbohydrates (c) Distention (d) Low acidity –Answer (b) Carbohydrates

• Which part of the tooth bears the force of chewing?

(a) Cementum (b) Enamel (c) Crown (d) Pulp –Answer (b) Enamel

• You have just eaten a meal high in complex carbohydrates. Which of the following

enzymes will help to digest the meal?(a) Amylase (b) Cholecystokinin (c) Gastrin (d) Trypsin –Answer (a) Amylase

• There are three phases of gastric secretion. The cephalic phase occurs

.(a) At the end of a large meal, and the juices secreted are powerful and remain in the GI tract for a long period of time (b) When the meal is excessively high in acids and neutralization is required (c) Before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought 1 / 4

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(d) Immediately after food enters the stomach, preparing the small intestine for the influx of a variety of nutrients –Answer (c) Before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought

• Which of the following is an essential role played by large intestine bacteria?

(a) Produce gas (b) Synthesize vitamins C and D (c) Absorb bilirubin (d) Synthesize vitamin K and B-complex vitamins –Answer (d) Synthesize vitamin K and B-complex vitamins

• Chemical digestion reduces large complex molecules to simpler com- pounds by the

process of .(a) Anabolism (b) Mastication (c) Fermentation (d) Catabolism –Answer (d) Catabolism

• The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to .

(a) Distribute hormones throughout the body (b) Return glucose to the general circulation when blood sugar is low (c) Carry toxins to the venous system for disposal through the urinary tract (d) Collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage –Answer (d) Collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage

• Surgical cutting of the lingual frenulum would occur in which part of the body?

(a) Oral cavity (b) Esophagus (c) Salivary glands 2 / 4

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(d) Nasal cavity –Answer (a) Oral cavity

• The function of goblet cells is to .

(a) Produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful enzymes needed for food digestion (b) Secrete buffers in order to keep the pH of the digestive tract close to neutral (c) Provide protection against invading bacteria and other diseases causing organisms that enter the digestive tract in food (d) Absorb nutrients from digested food and store them for future use –Answer (a) Produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful enzymes needed for food digestion

• Select the correct statement about the regulation of gastric secretion.

(a) The presence of food in the stomach prevents hormonal control of gastric secretion.(b) Vagus stimulation of the stomach results in decreased secretion of gastric juice.(c) Gastric secretion can be stimulated before food has entered the mouth.(d) Gastric secretion is enhanced by very low pH (below a pH of 2).–Answer (c) Gastric secretion can be stimulated before food has entered the mouth.

• In which layer of the duodenum wall are the highlighted structures locat- ed?

(a) Muscular mucosa (b) Mucosa (c) Muscularis externa (d) Submucosa –Answer (d) Submucosa

• Which structure is highlighted?

(a) Large intestine (b) Jejunum

(c) Stomach 3 / 4

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(d) Pancreas –Answer (a) Large intestine

• Using Figure 23.2, match the following

–Answer

Structures that increase the absorptive area of the small intestine.–Answer A

• Using Figure 23.2, match the following

–Answer

Absorptive cells that line the intestinal tract.–Answer B

• Using Figure 23.2, match the following

–Answer

Wide lymph capillary located in the villus.–Answer C

• Using Figure 23.2, match the following

–Answer

Cell type specialized to secrete mucus into the lumen of the intestinal tract.–Answer D

• Using Figure 23.2, match the following

–Answer

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