Bios 255 Exam 1,2,3
Bios 255 Exam 1: Questions & Answers
what are 3 'systems' of blood circulation that we discussed in class?(Ans- pulmonary system systemic system coronary system
during ventricular systole, what is happening to the blood volume within the ventricle?(Ans- first, there is no change-once pressure is great enough and the semilunar valves one, volume drops
what 3 veins empty into the right atrium (Ans- superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus
an individual has an increase in afterload, what effect would this have on MAP (Ans- an increase in afterload=decrease in SV=decrease in CO=decrease in MAP
what are two unique structures the fetus heart has and not the adult heart?(Ans- foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus
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which chamber of the heart has the thickest walls?(Ans- left ventricle
during the cardiac cycle, the heart experiences two isovolumetric states- when do these occur?(Ans- the beginning of ventricular systole and beginning of ventricular diastole
during ventricular systole, what happens to the pressure within the ventricles?(Ans- it increases
where do heart sounds come from?(Ans- closing of valves
where is the atrial repolarization located on an EKG (Ans- it is masked by the QRS complex
what chambers are contracting to cause the p-wave on an EKG (Ans- the left and right atria
what are the 5 structures of the cardiac conductive tissue?(Ans- 1) SA node 2) AV node 3) bundle of his 4) left and right bundle branches 2 / 4
5) purkinji fibers
the process of creating new red blood cells is called?(Ans- erythropoiesis name the structure and whether it contains oxygenated or deoxygenated blood (Ans- right atrium; deoxygenated
name the structure (Ans- aortic semilunar valve
oxygen is carried by _______ cells. it binds to proteins called ______ that contain iron (Ans- erythrocytes; hemoglobin
of the formed elements, which cells are responsible for immune function, clotting, and gas transfer-in that order?(Ans- leukocytes, platelets, erythrocytes
what are the major functions of blood? (you must name 3) (Ans- 1) plays a role in immune function 2) temp regulation 3) pH regulation 4) gas/nutrients/ waste transport 3 / 4
5) regulates water loss
a patient has a stroke volume of 70ml/beat, a heart rate of 70 beats/min, a mean arterial pressure of 100, systolic BP of 95 and diastolic BP of 60.calculate output of this patient (Ans- CO=SVxHR=70ml/beat/min=4900ml/min=4.9L/min
which ions mediate the upstroke, plateau, and downstroke of a cardiac action potential. indicate the contraction phase that correlates to these events (Ans- upstroke=sodium; depolarization plateau=calcium; contraction downstroke=potassium; relaxation
what are the three layers of the heart?(Ans- epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
what is the fluid filled sac called that surrounds the heart?(Ans- pericardium
when red blood cells get broken down, the iron molecule is transferred from the macrophage to the liver with which transfer protein?(Ans- transferrin
Which wave indicates atrial depolarization?(Ans- P wave
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