BIOS 255 Midterm Review

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BIOS 255 Midterm Review

• Pulmonary Circulation

–Answer flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

• Systemic Circulation

–Answer flow of oxygenated blood to the whole body

• Location of the Heart

–Answer In the mediastinum, between the lungs, with its apex pointing to the LEFT of midline

• Pericardium

–Answer Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart which anchors and protects it.

• Fibrous Pericardium

–Answer Most superficial layer of the pericardium, composed of connective tissue

• Serous Pericardium

–Answer Membrane consisting of a visceral and parietal layer

• Parietal Pericardium

–Answer Lines inner surface of fibrous pericardum

• Visceral Pericardium

–Answer Lines external surface of the heart. AKA the Epicardium

• Epicardium

–Answer Outermost layer of the heart, AKA visceral pericardium 1 / 3

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• Myocardium

–Answer Muscle layer of the heart

• Endocardium

–Answer lines innermost surfaces of the four chambers

• Atria

–Answer Two superior chambers of the heart

• Ventricles

–Answer Two inferior chambers of the heart

• Pectinate Muscles

–Answer Muscular ridges/folds of the atria

• Trabeculae Carneae

–Answer muscular ridges on the internal surface of the ventricles

• Papillary Muscles

–Answer responsible for pulling the atrioventricular valves closed by means of the chordae tendineae

• Chordae Tendineae

–Answer thin bands of fibrous tissue that attach to the valves in the heart and prevent them from inverting

• Blood flow through the body

–Answer SVC/IVC/CS R Atrium Tricuspid Valve R Ventricle Pulmonary SL Valve Pulmonary Trunk Pulmonary Arteries Lungs Pulmonary Veins L Atrium Bicuspid Valve 2 / 3

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L Ventricle Aortic SL Valve Aorta

• Fibrous Skeleton of the Heart

–Answer -framework of collagenous and elastic fibers

-provides structural support and attachment for cardiac muscle and anchor for valve tissue -electrical insulation between atria and ventricles > important in timing and coordi- nation of contractile activity

• Ligamentum Arteriosum

–Answer Remnant of Ductus Arteriosus of fetal heart

• Fossa Ovalis

–Answer Remnant of Foramen Ovale of fetal heart

• R Coronary Artery

–Answer Splits into Marginal Branch anteriorly at the R ventricle, and posteriorly at the Posterior Interventricular Branch

• L Coronary Artery

–Answer Immediately splits into Anterior Interventricular Artery an- teriorly and Circumflex posteriorly

• Coronary Veins

–Answer Great Cardiac Vein –Answer Runs with anterior interventricular artery Middle Cardiac Vein –Answer Runs with posterior interventricular artery Small Cardiac Vein –Answer Runs with Marginal artery (remember, they both mean small!)

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