BIOS 256 EXAM 1 CHAMBERLAIN

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BIOS 256 EXAM 1 CHAMBERLAIN

• what is defecation?

–Answer elimination of feces

• What is the defecation reflex?

–Answer an involuntary response of the lower bowels promoting or even inhibiting a bowel movement.

• what is degluition?

–Answer swallowing

• what is mastication?

–Answer chewing

• what is peristalsis?

–Answer the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine

• what is segmentation?

–Answer ring like constrictions in several places along the in- testines

• what is the product of chief cells?

–Answer pepsinogen

• what is the product of enteroendocrine cells?

–Answer serotonin

• what is the product of parietal cells?

–Answer hydrochloric acid (HCl) 1 / 3

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• What do chief cells secrete?

–Answer pepsinogen and gastric lipase

• where are chief cells absent?

–Answer cardial and pyloric glands

• Where are chief cells found?

–Answer gastric glands

• What do enteroendocrine cells secrete?

–Answer hormones and paracrine messen- gers that regulate digestion

• where are enteroendocrine cells found?

–Answer all regions of the stomach, most abundant in gastric and pyloric glands

• What do parietal cells secrete?

–Answer HCl, intrinsic factor, ghrelin

• where are parietal cells found?

–Answer mostly gastric glands and a few pyloric glands

• what are the main organs of the digestive system?

–Answer mouth, pharynx, esoph- agus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

• what are the accessory organs of the digestive system?

–Answer teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

• what are the functions of the digestive system?

–Answer ingestion, digestion, ab- sorption, compaction, defecation 2 / 3

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• what are the functions of the small intestine?

–Answer mix chyme with digestive juices, bring food in contact with mucosa for absorption, complete digestion of macromolecules

• what are the functions of the large intestine?

–Answer absorb salts and water from the materials that havent been digested, motility (haustral contractions)

• where does the small intestine receive enzymes from?

–Answer pancreas and liver

• what does pepsin do?

–Answer breaks down proteins

• where does pepsin break proteins?

–Answer stomach

• what are the functions of bile?

–Answer carry away waste, break down fats during digestion

• what are bile acids?

–Answer steroids synthesized from cholesterol

• what is derived from the decomposition of hemoglobin?

–Answer bilirubin

• acteria metabolize bilirubin into

–Answer urobilinogen

• urobilinogen is converted to
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