BIOS 256 Exam 1 Review

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BIOS 256 Exam 1 Review

• function of digestive system

–Answer processes food, extracts nutrients and eliminates residue

• the physical breakdown of food into smaller parts

–Answer mechanical digestion

• A series of hydrolysis reactions that break dietary macromolecules into their monomers

–Answer chemical digestion

• 6 accessory organs

–Answer teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

• what makes up the gi tract

–Answer stomach and intestines

• mechanical digestion occurs where

–Answer grinding of teeth and churning of stomach and small intestine

• chemical digestion occurs where

–Answer digestive enzymes produced by salivary glands, stomach, pancreas, and small intestine

• most absorption occurs where

–Answer small intestine

• small mucosal projections that increase surface area for absorption

–Answer villi 1 / 2

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• permanent transverse folds in the intestinal lining

–Answer circular folds

• four layers of the digestive tract

–Answer mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa (from inner to outer)

• the submucosal plexus is located

–Answer in the submucosa layer

• the myenteric plexus is located between two layers of the

–Answer muscularis ex- terna

• function of submucosal plexus

–Answer control glandular secretions of mucosa and movement of muscularis mucosae

• function of myenteric plexus

–Answer controls peristalsis and other contractions of muscularis externa

• what are the three salivary glands

–Answer parotid, submandibular, sublingual

• function of saliva

–Answer begins starch and fat digestion, inhibits bacterial growth, binds food together to form bolus, dissolves molecules to stimulate taste buds

• two enzymes in the saliva

–Answer salivary amylase and lingual lipase

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