BIOS 256 Final Exam Latest Update 2024 Questions and Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed A+
3 buffer systems in the body - CORRECT ANSWER: (1) the carbonic acid-sodium
bicarbonate buffer system, (2) the phosphate buffer system, and (3) the protein buffer system.
- reactions in cellular respirations - CORRECT ANSWER: 1. glycolysis: one glucose
molecule into two pyruvic acid molecules
2.Formation of acetyl CoA: prepares pyruvic acid for the krebs cycle
3. Krebs cycle: oxidizing acetyl CoA into CO2, ATP, NADH, and FADH
- Electron transport chain
ADH function - CORRECT ANSWER: ADH responds to increased osmolarity, by
inserting aquaporins in late DCT and collecting ducts, which increases the permeability to water and allows for more water to be reabsorbed, decreasing blood osmolarity, increasing blood volume, increasing blood pressure
Aerobic respirations - CORRECT ANSWER: when oxygen is present, all 4 normal
reactions occur
Anaerobic respirations - CORRECT ANSWER: When oxygen is not present, pyruvic
acid is converted into lactic acid
bulbourethral gland - CORRECT ANSWER: during ejactulation, secretes alkaline fluid into the urethra to protect the sperm
changes during pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER: pushes maternal intestines, liver,
and stomach superiorly, elevates the diaphragm, and widens the thoracic cavity,
Cleavage of zygote - CORRECT ANSWER: Mitotic division after fertilization
Day 1: two-cell stage
Day 2: four-cell stage
Day 3: eight-cell stage
Day 4: morula
Day 5: blastocyst
Day 6: Implantation in uterine wall
FIGURE 29.5
Complex inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER: combined effects of many genes and
environmental factors, example even if someone inherits several genes for tallness, they may not reach full potential of tallness due to environmental factors.
- / 2
Corpus luteum function - CORRECT ANSWER: produces progesterone, estrogen,
relaxin, and inhibin, until it degenerates into the corpus albicans
Cremaster muscle function - CORRECT ANSWER: elevates the testes closer to the
body in response to cold temperatures
Dartos muscle function - CORRECT ANSWER: "wrinkling" of scrotum to reduce heat loss in cold weather
Describe the first trimester? - CORRECT ANSWER: The first trimester is from
conception to 13 weeks. This period is very critical to babies health due to the extensive oran-system development, and baby is most vulnerable to teratogens.
Describe the second trimester? - CORRECT ANSWER: 14 weeks to 27 weeks. Baby
begins to develop human like features
Describe the third trimester? - CORRECT ANSWER: 28 weeks to 40 weeks. Rapid
fetal growth, fetus doubles in weight.
Dominent-recessive inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER: dominant and recessive
alleles interact, including incomplete dominance, multiple allele inheritance, and complex inheritance
Embryoblast - CORRECT ANSWER: inner cell mass of the blastocyst
Embryonic period? - CORRECT ANSWER: From fertilization through the eighth week
of development
Essay 2 Q: Homologous structures between males and females - CORRECT
ANSWER: ovum-sperm
ovaries-testes labia majora- scrotum labia minora- spongy urethra vestibule- intermediate urethra bulb of vestibule- corpus spongiosum and bulb of penis clitoris- glans penis and corpus cavernosa paraurethral glands-prostate greater vestibule glands-bulbourethral glands
Essay Q 1: spermatogenesis and oogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER: Spermatogenesis
process:
Step 1: Spermatogonium (2n)
Step 2: Mitosis occurs creating 2 identical spermatogonia (2n)
Step 3: Some serve are reservoir cells, others differentiate into primary spermatocyte (2n)
- / 2