BIOS 256 Midterm Exam

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BIOS 256 Midterm Exam

• anabolism

–Answer building up, liver

• catabolism

–Answer breaking down, mouth stomach and duodenum

• chemical digestion

–Answer water added to break chemical bonds, fats carbs and pro- teins

• mechanical digestion

–Answer all movements that facilitate catabolic processes, masti- cation, swallowing, mixing

• esophagus

–Answer propulsion, moves food into stomach

• jejunum

–Answer middle part of large intestine

• payer's patches

–Answer

• salivary glands

–Answer parotid, submandibular, sublingual glands

• segmentation

–Answer localized contractions of the intestines 1 / 3

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• tongue

–Answer located in mouth, forces food into the oropharynx

• parietal cells

–Answer secretes hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor

• absorption

–Answer begins in small intestine, passage of digested nutrients into blood or lymph

• stomach

–Answer

• main regions, mixes saliva food and gastric juices to form chyme. serves as a reservoir for

food before going to small intestine. secretes gastrin into blood. secretes gastric juice.

• valsalva's maneuver

–Answer exhaling with nostrils or mouth closed.

• ileum

–Answer end of large intestine

• brunner's glands

–Answer secrete alkaline mucus, found in the duodenum.

• mastication

–Answer chewing

• peritoneum

–Answer covers internal organs, parietal (around abdominal wall), visceral (covers other intra-abdominal organs)

• gallbladder 2 / 3

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–Answer carb conversion, protein and fat metabolism, stores glycogen, syn- thesize cholesterol, phagotytosis of old RBC's, removes toxins from blood, produces and secretes bile

• electrolytes

–Answer absorbed into blood, absorbed by the large intestine.

• alimentary canal

–Answer contains esophagus, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum

• chief cells

–Answer secretes pepsinogen, and gastric lipase.

• small intestine

–Answer divided into three regions, where digestion continues and ab- sorption begins

• carbohydrates

–Answer monosaccharides, digestion occurs in the mouth

• duodenum

–Answer breakdown of food in small intestine

• pancreatic juice

–Answer liquid secreted by the pancreas, contains enzymes.

• deglutition

–Answer swallowing

• mesentery

–Answer folds over small intestine

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