BIOS 256 Midterm exam 2

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BIOS 256 Midterm exam 2

• flavin mononucleotide and iron-sulfur centers

–Answer which of the following are parts of the NADH dehydrogenase complex?

2. NADPH

–Answer which of the following is synthesized from glucose 6-phosphate and used in reduction reactions to synthesize fatty acids and steroid hormones?

• catabolic reactions provide the energy for anabolic reactions

–Answer what best describes the relationship between catabolism and anabolism?

• post absorptive state

–Answer the breakdown of glycogen in skeletal muscles occurs during the

• transport, lipid transport

–Answer the primary function of lipoproteins

• very low density lipoproteins

–Answer which lipoprotein type transports mainly endoge- nous lipids to adipose tissue for storage

• beta-oxidation

–Answer Fatty acids are broken down by a process called

• smooth ER

–Answer Production of fatty acids, ketone bodies, and cholesterol from acetyle coenzyme A occurs in the

• oxidative phosphorylation

–Answer 1 / 3

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occurs by removing electrons from organic com- pounds and passing them to oxygen, occurs in the internal mitochondrial membrane

• substrate-level phosphorylation

–Answer adding a phosphate group to ADP and thereby producing ATP

• cortisol and glucagon

–Answer stimulate gluconeogenesis

• chylomicrons

–Answer transport dietary lipids to adipose tissue for storage

• decarboxylation

–Answer the process of removing a carbon dioxide molecule

• Gastrin

–Answer Stimulated by –Answer stomach distension, partially digested proteins and caffeine in stomach, high pH of stomach, chyme stimulates gastric secretion by enteroendocrine G cells Effect –Answer promotes secretion of gastric juice, increases gastric motility, and promotes growth of gastric mucosa, constricts lower esophageal sphincter, relaxes pyloric sphincter

• Secretin

–Answer stimulated by acidic chyme that enters small intestine secreted by S cells effect –Answer stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice and bile, inhibits gastric juice, en- hances CCK 2 / 3

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16. CCK

–Answer stimulated by partially digested proteins, triglycerides, and fatty acids that enter small intestine.effect –Answer stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice, causes ejection of bile from gallblad- der and opening of sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla, induces satiety

• Ghrelin

–Answer secreted by stomach increases appetite

• GIP & GLP

–Answer secreted by small intestine in response to presence of food. stimu- lates release of insulin from pancreas, increasing blood glucose concentration

• Motilin, substance P, bombesin

–Answer stimulate motility of intestines

• vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)

–Answer stimulates secretion of ions and water by intestines inhibits gastric acid secretion

• gastrin-releasing peptide

–Answer stimulates release of gastrin

• somatostatin

–Answer inhibits gastrin release

• Thyroid hormone functions

–Answer

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