BIOS 260 Chapter 3 - mem- brane –Answer cytoplasm 2. the is surro...

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BIOS 260 Chapter 3

• the three major difference of a cell are the nucleus, , and cell

mem- brane –Answer cytoplasm

• the is surrounded by an envelop and contains the genetic mate- rial (DNA)

of the cell –Answer nucleus

• the liquid portion of cytoplasm is called

–Answer cytosol

• a(n) - is a specialized structure inside a cell that performs specific functions

such as extracting energy from nutrients or building proteins –Answer or- ganelle

• which cell structure acts as a selectively permeable barrier, controlling the movement of

substances into and out of the cell –Answer the plasma membrane

• components of the cellular structure called the include

phos- pholipids, carbohydrates, proteins and cholesterol –Answer cell membrane

• the cell membrane is composed mostly of a bilayer of

–Answer phospho- lipids

• in the cell membrane, function as receptors, cell surface mark- ers,

transporters, channels, enzymes, and cellular adhesion molecules 1 / 3

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–Answer pro- teins

• transmembrane integral proteins that act as pores or channels allow what type of molecule(s)

to cross the cell membrane –Answer ions; water

• what is the function of glycoproteins

–Answer to identify the cell as being "self" or forgeign

• cytoplasm contains protein rods and tubules that form a structural frame- work called the

–Answer cytoskeleton

• the nucleus contains , which directs all cell activities

–Answer DNA

• true or false

both facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion require no car- rier to move molecules across the membrane –Answer false; facilitated diffusion requires a carrier while simple diffusion requires no carrier

• ions that use specific protein channels in the membrane use a process called to move

down their concentration gradient across the plasma membrane –Answer facilitated diffusion

• is the name the transport mechanism in which water mole- cules move

through a selectively permeable membrane toward the solution with more impermeant (one that cannot cross the membrane) –Answer osmosis

• the passive transport mechanism in which small solutes are forced through a membrane by 2 / 3

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hydrostatic pressure is known as –Answer filtration

• true or false

active transport processes require cellular energy (ATP) while passive transport don't require cellular energy (ATP) –Answer true; the source of energy in active transport processes is cellular energy while in most passive processes the sources of energy is molecular motion

• active transport is a process that moves particles through a membrane from a region of

concentration to a region of concentra- tion –Answer low; higher

• the source of energy for transport mechanisms is cellular energy

–Answer active

• endocytosis takes particles the cell bh using

–Answer into; vesicles

• phagocytosis is the process by which cells engulf from

extracel- lular fluid –Answer solid particles

• exocytosis uses to move substances the cell

–Answer vesicles; out of

• the three main stages of the cell cycle are interphase, mitosis, and

–Answer cytokinesis

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