Bios 260 Exam 1 - 3. Scientist Fracastora –Answer -(frac! You g...

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Bios 260 Exam 1

• Begin Ch 1

–Answer Ch 1

• Microbiology

–Answer study of tiny life (i.e. living thing that can't be seen with the naked eye)

• Scientist Fracastora

–Answer -(frac! You gave me a disease) -developed the idea of the contagion, i.e. that a disease can be passed among people

• Scientist Jannsen

–Answer -(Jan only compounds our problem) -developed first compound microscope

• Scientist Leewenhoek

–Answer -(Lee wen will you identify this bacteria) -Janitor -simple microscope up to 370X -tooth scraping microbes -applied names to bacteria shapes -Ex. cocci, bacilli, spirals

• Scientist Linnaeus

–Answer -(lions deserve names too) 1 / 3

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-developed nomenclature (how to write the names) for organisms

• Binomial Nomenclature

–Answer -use 2 names to identify organism -Genus and Species Ex. Staphylococcus epidermidis (Genus ^ capitalized) ( ^ Species lowercase) (underlined if handwritten or italicized if typed)

• Scientist Jenner

–Answer -(jenner-ous with his small vaccines) -developed first modern vaccine -noticed milkmaids health, used scraping from cowpox to form inoculant for smallpox

• Variolization

–Answer snorting scabs to vaccinate

• Scientist Semmelweis

–Answer -(Weis enough to wash his hands) -introduced concept of washing hands to prevent puerperal sepsis (infant mortality)

• Scientist Virchow (Schwann, Schleiden)

–Answer -(3 men chow down on preexisting food) -developed Biogenesis theory, that living organisms can only arise from pre-existing cells. cell theory vs theory of spontaneous generation

• Cell theory

–Answer all organisms are composed of cells 2 / 3

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• Theory of Spontaneous Generation

–Answer living matter can develop from non-living sources

• Scientist Pasteur

–Answer -(geese will spontaneously appear unless you pasteurize them) -developed the Goose Neck Flask experiment which finally disproved spontaneous generation

-developed pasteurization (heat liquids to destroy pathogens) to save French wine -involved with early work on immunity and vaccination

• Goose Neck Flask

–Answer -disproved spontaneous generation -boiled liquid in flask then because of the goose neck on the flask that went up then down then up to the outside world the bacteria (moving in dust) couldn't land in the liquid but instead landed in the neck

• Scientist Koch

–Answer -(germs are such a koch) -Germ Theory of Disease (diseases are produced by specific organisms) -Postulates –Answer

• specific microorganism must be present with a specific disease
• suspected microorganism must be isolated and grown in pure culture
• same disease must result when the microorganism is introduced to a healthy host
• microorganism must be re-isolated

(this provides proof of the link between a specific organism and a specific disease)

• Scientists Ivanowsky

–Answer -(Ivan can't filter his tobacco)

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