BIOS 280 JMU Exam 1 - –Answer Disease They are everywhere They are ...

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BIOS 280 JMU Exam 1

• What are the four main reasons why we should care about microorgan- isms?

–Answer Disease They are everywhere They are beneficial and useful For basic scientific research

• Why has the rate of infectious diseases decreased since the early 1900s?-

–Answer Vaccines Sanitation (water treatment and food handling) Antibiotics Sterile medical technique

• What are the top 5 most prevalent infectious diseases worldwide?

–Answer Respira- tory Diseases AIDS Diarrheal Diseases Tuberculosis Malaria

• What is the most prevalent infectious disease in children?

–Answer Diarrheal dis- eases

• Where are the majority of bacterial cells found in the human body?

–Answer Skin Mouth 1 / 3

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GI tract Respiratory tract Urogenital tract

• List extreme environments where microorganisms may flourish and what they are called if

applicable.–Answer Hot springs (hyperthermophilic) Top of snow capped mountains (psychrophilic) Deep sea hydrothermal vents (hydrothermophilic) Hypersaline environments (halophilic) Rock surfaces Maybe on Mars

• Why are microorganisms beneficial and useful to humans?

–Answer Biotechnology Agriculture Food and chemical production Mineral extraction Waste water treatment Bioremediation

• Give an example of how a microorganism can be useful in agriculture.

–Answer Cer- tain bacteria can make the nitrogen in the atmosphere useful to plants which can benefit humans when they eat those plants

• Give an example of how a microorganism can be useful in food and chemical production.

–Answer Many food additives are derived from microorganisms and they can be used to produce insulin and vaccines

• Why are microorganisms useful in a laboratory setting?

–Answer They grow fast, are small in size, and are amenable to genetic study 2 / 3

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• What are the six types of microorganisms that are encompassed by micro- biology?

–Answer Bacteria Viruses Protozoa Microscopic fungi Microscopic algae Helminths and other parasites

• When do scientists believe the bacteria first existed?

–Answer About 4 billion years ago

• When do scientists believe oxygen was introduced into the atmosphere?-

–Answer About 2 billion years ago

• Describe a prokaryote and give two examples.

–Answer Single celled in chains or clusters No true nucleus No membrane-bound organelles Archaea and Bacteria

• Describe a eukaryote and give four examples.

–Answer Single or multicellular Cells can organize into tissues Have a nucleus Have many membrane-bound organelles Animals, plants, fungi, protozoa

• Which eukaryotic organelles originated from prokaryotic cells?

–Answer

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