Bios 280 Week 1 Acids and Bases

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Bios 280 Week 1 Acids and Bases

• A child comes to the ER with rapid and deep breathing (Kussmaul breath- ing), and he is

lethargic and irritable in response to stimulation. Measurement of arterial blood gas shows pH 7.0, PaO2 90 mm Hg, PaCO2 23 mm Hg, and HCO3 12 mmol/L. What acid/base imbalance does the client have?

• Respiratory Acidosis, Uncompensated
• Respiratory Acidosis, Partially Compensated
• Metabolic Alkalosis, Uncompensated
• Metabolic Acidosis, Partially, Compensated

–Answer

• Metabolic Acidosis, Partially, Compensated
• A client falls and hits her head on the ground. the clien is unconsciou

with shallow and slow respirations. Which primary acid-base imbalance is the client at risk for if medical attention is not provided?

• Metabolic Acidosis
• Metabolic Alkalosis
• Respiratory Acidosis
• Respiratory Alkalosis

–Answer

• Respiratory Acidosis

Rationale

One of the risk factors of having respiratory acidosis is hypoventilation which may be due to brain trauma, opioid overdose, or respiratory conditions such as COPD, pneumonia, and status asthmaticus.

• A client has severe vomiting. The nurse notes that the client has low potas- sium. Which

primary acid-base imbalance is this boy at risk for if medical intervention is not carried out?

• Respiratory Acidosis
• Respiratory Alkalosis
• Metabolic Acidosis 1 / 2

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• Metabolic Alkalosis

–Answer

• Metabolic Alkalosis

Rationale

Vomiting, and NGT suctioning are considered risk factors of metabolic alkalosis. The serum buffer system will exchange potassium ions for hydrogen ions to try and compensate. This can lead to hypokalemia.

• Which of the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values indicates uncompen- sated metabolic

alkalosis?

• pH 7.48, PaCO2 42, HCO3 30
• pH 7.48, PaCO2 46, HCO3 30

• pH 7.48, PaCO2 34, HCO3 20
• pH 7.48, PaCO2 34, HCO3 26

–Answer

• pH 7.48, PaCO2 42, HCO3 30
• The body's compensation of metabolic alkalosis involves

• Increasing the respiratory rate
• Decreasing the respiratory rate
• Increasing urine output
• Decreasing urine output

–Answer

• Decreasing the respiratory rate

Rationale The body attempts to compensate for metabolic alkalosis by decreasing the respiratory rate and conserving carbon dioxide (an acid).Urine volume does not influence acid-base balance. The kidneys compensate for a respiratory acidosis by reabsorbing or making more HCO3 or secreting (in the urine) more H+

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