BIOS 390 quiz 4 - –Answer any single identifiable source of pol...

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BIOS 390 quiz 4

• point source pollution

–Answer any single identifiable source of pollution from which pollutants are discharged, such as a pipe, ditch, ship or factory smokestack

• non-point source pollution

–Answer comes from many places spread over a large area, results from land runoff, road salt, precipitation, atmospheric deposition, drainage, seepage, or hydrologic modification

• federal environmental law

–Answer consists of laws in the conservation and pollution control areas, along with key planning and coordination statutes

• superfund site

–Answer an uncontrolled or abandoned place where hazardous waste is located, possibly affecting local ecosystems or people

• Superfund Provisions

–Answer

• on-site treatment

–Answer removal actions in response to immediate threats (removing leaking drums)

• remedial actions

–Answer involve cleanup of hazardous sites (protective of human health and environment)

• Biodegradation

–Answer breakdown of organic contaminates that occurs due to micro- bial activity (contaminates can be considered microbial food sources or substrate) 1 / 2

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• anaerobic mineralization of organic compounds

–Answer each degradation step in the pathway is catalyzed by a specific enzyme.enzymes found external to the cell are known as extracellular enzymes important in the degradation of macromolecules (cellulose) broken down into smaller subunits outside the cell to allow the transport of the smaller subunits into the cell

• persistant organic pollutants (POPs)

–Answer chemical compounds that persist in the environment and retain biological activity for a long time. enzymes internal or external of the cell will stop at a metabolic step if the correct enzyme is not present to break down a contaminate.

• Co-metabolism

–Answer the process by which a contaminant is by chance degraded by an enzyme (non-specific) produced during microbial metabolism of another compound

• Polymerization

–Answer relatively small molecules (monomers) combine chemically to produce a very large chainlike or network molecule (polymer).partial or incomplete degradation can result in the synthesis of compounds more complex and stable than the parent compound

• Bioavaliability

–Answer the measure of accessibility to biota in the environment. the fraction which is available for biologically mediated transformation and biological actions

• biodegradation involves...

–Answer

• the uptake of the substrate by the cell, and
• the metabolism or degradation of the substrate
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