BKAT Critical Care Review (Latest 2025/ 2026 Update) Questions & Answers| Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified Solutions) Normal Central Venous Pressure (CVP) range - ANSWER 2-8 mmHg Normal Pulmonary Artery Occlusion Pressure (PAOP) range - ANSWER 6-12 mmHg Normal Pulmonary Artery Systolic (PAS) range - ANSWER 20-30 mmHg Normal Pulmonary Artery Diastolic (PAD) range - ANSWER 5-15 mmHg Normal Pulmonary Artery Mean (PAM) - ANSWER 11-20 mmHg Normal Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) range - ANSWER 800-1200 mmHg 1 / 2
Preload - ANSWER volume left in the left ventricle at the end of diastole What is preload affected by? - ANSWER venous return to the heart, atrial kick, total volume, and ventricular compliance What drugs can affect preload? - ANSWER Furosemide and nitroglycerin Afterload - ANSWER Amount of pressure heart has to overcome to pump blood out What drugs may affect afterload? - ANSWER Vasoconstricters and vasodilators Contractility - ANSWER the contractile force of the heart, how much will it take to move the preload out against the afterload What is the appropriate hold time after pulling an arterial line? - ANSWER 5-10 min What part of the heart does the PAOP affect? - ANSWER Left ventricle
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