BKAT Exam (Latest 2025/ 2026 Update) Questions & Answers| Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified Solutions) What may a high pressure vent alarm indicate? - ANSWER Pt is biting on the tubing, excessive secretions in the tubing, kinked tubing What may a low pressure vent alarm indicate? - ANSWER cuff leak or the tubing is disconnected somewhere How do you verify positioning of an endotracheal tube? - ANSWER -auscultate lung bases and apices for bilateral breath sounds -observe chest for symmetric chest wall movement -confirm with end tidal CO2 measure
GOLD STANDARD: chest x-ray
t/f: people with ET tubes should be suctioned routinely - ANSWER
FALSE-- they should be suctioned on an as needed basis what should ET tube cuff pressure be kept at? - ANSWER 20-25 mmHg 1 / 3
What measures should nurses take to avoid ET tube problems? - ANSWER -confirm that exit mark on ET tube remains constant when providing patient care, repositioning, and transporting patient -maintain proper cuff inflation (listen for an air leak-- if pt can talk, you must inflate more) -continually monitor SpO2, RR, HR and rhythm, mental status, and ABGs -pre-oxygenate before suctioning What should be done if a patient is not tolerating ET tube suctioning? - ANSWER STOP and manually hyperventilate with 100% oxygen Measures to prevent aspiration? - ANSWER -avoid bolus tube feedings -monitor tube feeding residuals -maintain HOB at LEAST 30 degrees or greater -maintain proper ET tube cuff inflation -perform frequent oral pharyngeal suctioning -maintain an NG tube connected to low, intermittent suction if feeding tube is placed below the pylorus what are recommendations for preventing ventilator associated pneumonia? - ANSWER -manage ventilated patients without sedatives whenever possible -interrupt sedation once a day (spontaneous breathing trials) -provide early exercise and mobility -provide regular oral care -minimize pooling of secretions above the ET tube cuff -use ET tubes with subglottic secretion drainage for patients likely to require greater than 72 hours of intubation -keep HOB elevated 30-45 degress -change ventilator circuit only if visibly soiled or malfunctioning 2 / 3
What is the biggest complication associated with high cervical spinal cord injuries?
- ANSWER BREATHING-- the diaphragm is innervated by C3-
- mental status and cognitive function
- cranial nerves
- motor
- sensory
- coordination
- reflexes
- eye opening
- motor
- verbal
- / 3
C5 levels C4-diaphragm will likely need mechanical ventilation mgmt signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure? - ANSWER -altered LOC -headache -bradycardia -decreased respirations -acute HTN with widening pulse pressure -N/V -worsening neuro deficits -pupils that are nonreactive What are the components of a neuro exam? (7) - ANSWER 1.
LOC
What are the three components of the glasgow coma scale? - ANSWER