BMS 503 Exam 3 Questions with Correct Answers

BMS 503 Exam 3 Questions with Correct Answers 100% Verified 2024/2025 What are the 3 major steps of replication, transcription, and translation? - Correct Answer initiation, elongation, termination Bacterial RNA Polymerase - Correct Answer 5 proteins in the core complex that are holoenzymes; 2 alpha: interacts with regulatory proteins; beta: catalytic activity; beta prime: involved in binding and

staying bound to DNA; w: stabilizes the complex

Sigma Factor - Correct Answer controls the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter Transcription Initation - Correct Answer 1. sigma factor binds core RNA polymerase and forms RNA polymerase holoenzyme

• RNA polymerase binds promoter
• polymerase unwinds DNA at promoter
• Transcription begins and the sigma factor is released

What happens when quinolones and fluoroquinolones bind to Topo IV and DNA gyrase? - Correct Answer inhibits their activity Rho-dependent termination - Correct Answer 1.polymerase slows at pause site

• GC-rich seqquence forms stem loop
• Rho factor binds to mRNA
• dissociates polymerase, mRNA off of DNA

Rho-independent termination - Correct Answer 1. a GC rish region followed by a series of U residues

• GC rich residues form a stem loop structure
• RNA polymerase binds the stem loop structure causing a pause in transcription
• the U's of the nascent RNA paired with A's of the DNA aren't stable enough to hold the RNA

polymerase on the template during the pause

• mRNA dissociates off DNA, polymerase released

RNA - Correct Answer a transcription of the DNA code 1 / 2

mRNA - Correct Answer the transcription of the DNA code that dictates the production of a specific protein How do eukaryotes cap their mRNA and what is the significance? - Correct Answer a methyl guanosine at the 5' and poly adenosine tail at the 3' because it allows for the eukaryote to assess whether it's intact before exported from the nucleus and translated by the ribosome How do you read the genetic code? - Correct Answer sequence of nucleotides in an mRNA molecule is read from 5' to 3' in sequential sets of 3 nucleotide How is the reading frame of the genetic code set? - Correct Answer a signal at the beginning of each mRNA tRNA - Correct Answer short 70-90 single stranded ribonucleotide sequences that base pairs with itself to create a t shape and the anticodon loop base pairs with the complementary mRNA codon tRNA charging - Correct Answer aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase recognizes tRNA structure in the D-loop and anticodon stem of the tRNA and links the acceptor end of the tRNA to the appropriate amino acid ribosome - Correct Answer protein machine responsible for protein synthesis What are the two subunts of a ribosome? - Correct Answer 30s and 50s What do ribosomes facilitate? - Correct Answer the proper reading of code and the creation of the peptide bond between adjacent amino acids Where are ribosomal proteins located and what do they do for the RNA? - Correct Answer on the surface and fill in gaps of the folded RNA; they stabilize the RNA core structure How does the rRNA in ribosomes function? - Correct Answer as a ribozyme Dehydration synthesis - Correct Answer the chemical reaction facilitated by a ribosome that removes water

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