BSC 1010 Quiz & Exam 4 Study Guide Questions with Complete Solutions How are the features/characteristics of an organisms dictated? - Correct Answer By genes inherited from the parents.Genome - Correct Answer the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes Key to gene function - Correct Answer Information/instructions to produce proteins.Blending Inheritance Theory - Correct Answer Theory that the traits of parents were blended together to result in an equal distribution of traits in their offspring. Ex. Parents could have 2 different skin tones and the child may have a blend of both.Gregor Mendel - Correct Answer Father of genetics Mendel's Pea Plant Experiment - Correct Answer Mendel studied genetic inheritance through this experiment. he cross bred pea plants with different characteristics and observed how those traits were inherited in the offspring. some of these traits were found to be inherited in predictable ratios depending on the phenotype and genotype of the parents.True Breeders are - Correct Answer homozygous Genotype - Correct Answer An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations.Phenotype - Correct Answer An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.Gregor Mendel did what to the blending inheritance theory? - Correct Answer Falsified the hypothesis of blending inheritance.Mendel's 1st Law: Segregation of Alternate Factors - Correct Answer Summary of meiosis but Mendel did not know of cell theory. Taking true breeding parents (P generation) to create Hybrids (F1 generation) that would eventually lead to ratio of 3:1 in favor of purple flowers (F2 generation). 1 / 2
Factors - Correct Answer genes; separated during gametogenesis Allele - Correct Answer Different forms of a gene Locus - Correct Answer Location of a gene on a chromosome Dominant Trait (Capital) - Correct Answer In Mendel's pea plant experiment, the purple flower was the dominant trait since the hybrid and most of its offspring were purple.Recessive Trait (Lowercase) - Correct Answer In Mendel's pea plant experiment, the white flower was the recessive trait since it did not show up in the hybrid and was the less common phenotype of the hybrids offspring.Homozygous - Correct Answer Homo = same, zygous = zygote. True breeding parents (PP or pp) Heterozygous - Correct Answer An organism that has two different alleles for a trait. (Pp) Probability Rules (Addition Rule) - Correct Answer The occurrence of mutually exclusive events equals the sum of their individual probabilities; that is, calculate probabilities associated with the dominant and recessive alleles are demonstrated in a monohybrid cross.Mendel's 2nd Law: Independent Assortment - Correct Answer inheritance of one allele has no effect on the likelihood of inheriting certain alleles for other genes Two-trait cross - Correct Answer considers the inheritance of two characteristics e.g. AABB x aabb Mendel did not know about - Correct Answer chromosomes or meiosis 9:3:3:1 ratio - Correct Answer dihybrid cross. E.g. AaBb x AaBb, in Mendel's model, 9 would be purple/ tall, 3 would be purple/short, 3 would be white/tall, 1 would be white/short.How many distinct genotypes are present in a dihybrid cross? - Correct Answer 9 (1:1:1:1:2:2:2:2:4)
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