Campbell Biology in Focus 3rd Edition Urry Test Bank

Campbell Biology in Focus 3rd Edition Urry Test Bank Campbell Biology in Focus (Urry)

Chapter 1 Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

1.1 Multiple-Choice Questions

1) A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a

• biosystem.
• community.
• population.
• ecosystem.
• family.

Answer: C

Topic: Concept 1.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

Learning Outcome: 1.1

2) Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For example, plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight to

• the energy of motion.
• carbon dioxide and water.
• chemical energy.
• oxygen.
• kinetic energy.

Answer: C

Topic: Concept 1.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

Learning Outcome: 1.1

3) The main source of energy for producers in an ecosystem is

• light energy.
• kinetic energy.
• thermal energy.
• chemical energy.

E) ATP.

Answer: A

Topic: Concept 1.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

Learning Outcome: 1.1

2

4) Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?

• animal
• plant
• archaea
• fungi
• protists

Answer: C 1 / 4

Topic: Concept 1.1

Skill: Application/Analysis

Learning Outcome: 1.1

5) To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structure of DNA. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology?

• evolution
• emergent properties
• reductionism
• the cell theory
• feedback regulation

Answer: C

Topic: Concept 1.1

Skill: Application/Analysis

Learning Outcome: 1.1

6) Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains?

• Bacteria and Eukarya
• Archaea and Monera
• Eukarya and Monera
• Bacteria and Protista
• Bacteria and Archaea

Answer: E

Topic: Concept 1.2

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

Learning Outcome: 1.2

7) A water sample from a hot thermal vent contained a single-celled organism that had a cell wall but lacked a nucleus. What is its most likely classification?

• Eukarya
• Archaea
• Animalia
• Protista
• Fungi

Answer: B

Topic: Concept 1.2

Skill: Application/Analysis

Learning Outcome: 1.2

3

8) An organism has been isolated from decomposing organic matter. This organism has a cell wall but no chloroplasts. How would you classify this organism?

• domain Bacteria, kingdom Prokaryota
• domain Archaea, kingdom Bacteria
• domain Eukarya, kingdom Plantae
• domain Eukarya, kingdom Protista
• domain Eukarya, kingdom Fungi

Answer: E

Topic: Concept 1.2

Skill: Application/Analysis

Learning Outcome: 1.2 2 / 4

9) Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?

• ubiquitous use of catalysts by living systems
• near universality of the genetic code
• structure of the nucleus
• structure of cilia
• structure of chloroplasts

Answer: B

Topic: Concept 1.2

Skill: Application/Analysis

Learning Outcome: 1.2

10) Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection?

• It requires genetic variation.
• It results in descent with modification.
• It involves differential reproductive success.
• It results in descent with modification and involves differential reproductive success.
• It requires genetic variation, results in descent with modification, and involves differential

reproductive success.

Answer: E

Topic: Concept 1.2

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

Learning Outcome: 1.2

11) Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification that stated that organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess

• non-heritable traits that enhance their survival in the local environment.
• non-heritable traits that enhance their reproductive success in the local environment.
• non-heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local

environment.

• heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.
• heritable traits that decrease their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.

Answer: D

Topic: Concept 1.2

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

Learning Outcome: 1.2

4

12) Which of these individuals is likely to be most successful in an evolutionary sense?

• a reproductively sterile individual who never falls ill
• an organism that dies after five days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom survive to

reproduce

• a male who mates with 20 females and fathers one offspring
• an organism that lives 100 years and leaves two offspring, both of whom survive to reproduce
• a female who mates with 20 males and produces one offspring that lives to reproduce

Answer: B

Topic: Concept 1.2

Skill: Application/Analysis

Learning Outcome: 1.2

13) Through time, the lineage that led to modern whales shows a change from four-limbed land 3 / 4

animals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is best explained by

• natural philosophy.
• reductionism.
• the hierarchy of the biological organization of life.
• natural selection.
• feedback inhibition.

Answer: D

Topic: Concept 1.2

Skill: Application/Analysis

Learning Outcome: 1.2

14) Which of the following best describes what occurred after the publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species?

• The book received little attention except from a small scientific community.
• The book was banned from schools.
• The book was widely discussed and disseminated.
• The book's authorship was disputed.
• The book was discredited by most scientists.

Answer: C

Topic: Concept 1.2

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

Learning Outcome: 1.2

5

15) Why is Darwin considered original in his thinking?

• He provided examples of organisms that had evolved over time.
• He demonstrated that evolution is continuing to occur now.
• He described the relationship between genes and evolution.
• He proposed the mechanism that explains how evolution takes place.
• He observed that organisms produce large numbers of offspring.

Answer: D

Topic: Concept 1.2

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

Learning Outcome: 1.2

16) Darwin's finches, collected from the Galápagos Islands, illustrate which of the following?

• mutation frequency
• ancestors from different regions
• adaptive radiation
• vestigial anatomic structures
• the accuracy of the fossil record

Answer: C

Topic: Concept 1.2

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

Learning Outcome: 1.2

17) What is the major distinguishing characteristic of fungi?

• gaining nutrition through ingestion
• being sedentary
• being prokaryotic
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