CAPA/CPAN EXAM 2023
General anesthesia- - Answer states of reversible unconsciousness where protective reflexes are particle or completely lost, muscle relaxation, sedation, and amnesia obtained Moderate sedation anesthesia- - Answer relaxed, non paralyzed state of analgesia Regional anesthesia- - Answer loss of body sensation to region Factor in anesthesia selection- - Answer age, physical status, type of surgery, patient wishes, site of surgery/body position ASA physical status classification- - Answer the specific risk the patient has to developing a complication after to the procedure.ASA 1- - Answer normal healthy patient ASA 2- - Answer patient with mild, systemic disease...smoker, pregnancy, obesity, mild drinker ASA 3- - Answer severe systemic disease...poorly controlled DM, HTN, COPD, obesity, history MI, stents -some disagreement between anesthesia providers ASA 4- - Answer patient with incapacitating systemic disease. ESRD, severe cardiac valve dysfunction, stents, sepsis ASA 5- - Answer not expected stop survive without the operation ASA 6- - Answer organ donor, patient passed as brain dead "E" ASA status- - Answer emergency patient with unknown history.this can be added to any of the statuses Stage 1 of anesthesia- - Answer -analgesia stage- conscious and rational, follows simple commands, perception of pain is diminished but reflexes are intact Stage 2 of anesthesia- - Answer -delirium- unconscious, body responds reflexively, pupils dilated, breath holding, respirations irregular, muscle tone intact.most at risk for laryngospasm and aspiration. also MI Stage 3 of anesthesia- - Answer -surgical anesthesia- increasing degrees of muscular relaxation, unable to protect airway Stage 4 of anesthesia- - Answer -medullary depression- depression of cardiovascular and respiratory centers considered overdose 1 / 2
CAPA/CPAN EXAM 2023
Recovery and Emergence of anesthesia- - Answer occurs in reverse order of induction...surgical, delirium, analgesia.Hypnotic anesthesia or otherwise known as? - Answer barbiturates Methohexital (brevital)- - Answer barbiturates used for induction, sedation, and MAC...no antagonists
SE: hiccups, and coughing
Etomidate (amidate)- - Answer an induction agent that is a non-barbiturate.emergency type situation because very short acting hypnotic, no analgesia.decreases cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen consumption without decreasing BP aka good for neuro patients..
SE: can suppress adrenal function for 5-8 hours
Propofol (deprivan)- - Answer non-barbiturate rapid onset and emergency, short acting, no analgesia effect.HYPOTENSION on induction not reversible Ketamine- - Answer produces profound state of analgesia and unconsciousness.-increases HR and Co -spontaneous ventilation maintained -appear awake but unaware -able to use lower opioid dose emergency delirium Benzodiazepines- examples (3)- - Answer calming, sedation, suppression of seizure activity.Diazepam Midazolam Lorazepam Benzodiazepine antagonist- - Answer flumazenil Diazepam- - Answer usually pre-op for anxiety.Midazolam- caution with what pt.s? - Answer Reducation in anxiety and profound amnesia.Caution with MI and COPD pts decreases BP, HR
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