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CAPSTONE FUNDAMENTALS NEWEST EXAM 2024
ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) GRADED A+
A client with a cystocele is encouraged to exercise to strengthen pelvic floor muscles and prevent pelvis organ prolapse. What exercise will the client need to perform?
- Kegel exercises
- Isometric exercises
- Circumduction exercises
- Uterine extension exercises - Correct Answer - A. Kegel exercises
Rationale:
Kegel exercises strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, which results in reduction or prevention of pelvic prolapse and stress urinary incontinence. The other mentioned exercises have no direct effect on prevention or reduction of a cystocele.
A nurse is caring for an older adult client with delirium. Which intervention will most effectively reduce the client's risk for falls?
- Use of a night-light.
- Demonstrate how to use the call light.
- Place bedside table in close proximity.
- Hourly rounding by the nurse. - Correct Answer - D. Hourly rounding by the nurse.
Rationale:
In the health care environment, hourly rounding by the nurse significantly reduces the occurrence of client falls as well as reducing call light usage and increasing client satisfaction.
A nurse is caring for a client who has been prescribed furosemide. Which of the following foods should the nurse encourage to include in his diet? 1 / 3
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- Table salt
- Egg yolks
- White wine
- Oranges - Correct Answer - D. Oranges
Rationale:
Client prescribed potassium-wasting diuretics should be encouraged to eat foods high in potassium. Oranges, dried fruits, tomatoes, avocados, dried peas, meats, broccoli, and bananas are all good sources of potassium. Table salt is not a good source of potassium.
A menopausal client is having difficulty getting to sleep and asks what actions she should incorporate in her daily routine to promote sleep. The nurse would encourage which of the below measures to promote sleep?
- Consume a warm drink at bedtime.
- Take an evening walk before bedtime.
- Take an afternoon nap.
- Limit alcohol and nicotine prior to bedtime. - Correct Answer - D. Limit alcohol and
nicotine prior to bedtime.
Rationale:
Limit alcohol, caffeine (stimulant), and nicotine (stimulant) at least 4 hr before bedtime.Exercise regularly; limit exercise at least 2 hr before bedtime. Limit fluids 2 to 4 hr before bedtime.
A nurse is assessing a client who has Parkinson's disease. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?
- Pruritus
- Hypertension
- Bradykinesia
- Xerostomia - Correct Answer - C. Bradykinesia
Rationale:
The nurse should expect to find bradykinesia or difficulty moving in a client who has Parkinson's disease. The nurse should expect to find oily skin, which results from 2 / 3
pg. 3 autonomic dysfunction, rather than pruritus, which results from dry skin. The nurse should expect to find orthostatic hypotension, which results from autonomic dysfunction.Te nurse should expect to find uncontrolled drooling, especially at night, instead of xerostomia or dry mouth in a client who has Parkinson's disease.
A nurse is caring for a client with celiac disease. Which food should be removed from the meal tray?
- Corn bread
- Mashed potato
- Lentils
- Tortillas - Correct Answer - D. Tortillas
Rationale:
Tortillas contain gluten. Corn bread, mashed potatoes and lentils do not contain gluten.
A nurse is assessing four clients for fluid balance. The nurse should identify that which of the following clients is exhibiting manifestations of dehydration?
- A client who has a urine specific gravity of 1.010.
- A client who has a weight gain of 2.2 kg (2 lb) in 24 hr.
- A client who has a hematocrit of 45%.
- A client who has a temperature of 39 degrees Celsius (102 degrees Fahrenheit). -
Correct Answer - D. A client who has a temperature of 39 degrees Celsius (102 degrees Fahrenheit).
Rationale:
An elevated temperature is a manifestation of dehydration. The urine specific gravity is within the expected reference range of 1.010 to 1.025. Concentrated urine and a specific gravity of grater than 1.030 are manifestations of dehydration. Weight gain is a manifestation of fluid volume excess. The hematocrit is within expected reference range of 37% to 64%. An elevated hematocrit is a manifestation of hemoconcentration and dehydration.
A nurse is caring for a client receiving chemotherapy that is experiencing neutropenia.Which of the following should the nurse include in this client's education?
- Track oral temperature weekly.
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