CBIS Exam Study Guide with

CBIS Exam Study Guide 2023/2024 with Complete Solutions Acute Brain Injury - Correct Answer An injury to the brain that is not hereditary, congenital, degenerative, or induced by birth trauma Traumatic Brain Injury - Correct Answer An alteration in brain function, or other evidence of brain pathology, caused by an external force

• Mechanisms

*trauma impact

• traumatic inertial forces

Non-traumatic brain injury - Correct Answer Lack of O2, decreased nutrients to cells, exposure to toxins, pressure from tumor or blockage or other neuro disorder ABI Prevalence - Correct Answer 2nd most prevalent disability in U. S.

• 13.5 million Americans

Children & TBI - Correct Answer * non-accidental trauma cause of 80% of deaths in children under 2yo

• 2/3 of children under 3yo that are abused have TBIs

*falls cause 1/2 of TBI in 0-14yo domestic violence - Correct Answer 67% of women in domestic violence had TBI symptoms Mild TBI - Correct Answer *concussion *LOC > 30 min *loss of memory >24hrs

*CGS 13-15

*normal CT or MRI *any AMS at time of incident Moderate TBI - Correct Answer *LOC up to 24hrs *neuro signs of brain trauma

* CGS 9-12

*may have focal findings on CT Severe TBI - Correct Answer *LOC <24hrs

*GCS 3-8

Screens for TBI - Correct Answer ACE - acute concussion eval HELPS WARCAT - warrior administered retrospective casualty assessment tool TBIQ - traumatic brain injury questionnaire 1 / 3

ImPACT

OSU TBI ID

JCAHO (Joint Commission) - Correct Answer The non-profit organization that assists healthcare facilities by providing accreditation

• year award

CARF (Rehabilitation Accreditation Commission) - Correct Answer The Organization that oversees the accreditation of brain injury programs

• year award

TBI Act of 1996 - Correct Answer Federal Legislation "To expand efforts to identify methods of preventing TBI, to expand biomedical research efforts or to minimize the severity of dysfunction as a result of such an injury, and to improve the delivery & quality of services through the State Demonstration projects." HRSA - Health Resources Services Administration - Correct Answer Money to states to improve integration services, establish policy & procedure financial support CDC - Center for Disease Control - Correct Answer Carries out projects to reduce incidence of TBI Rehabilitation act of 1973 - Correct Answer Set foundation for state vocational rehab system, a federal/state supported system of services which assists persons with disabilities who are pursuing meaningful careers Diffuse axonal injury - Correct Answer Severe brain injury caused by extreme shearing forces Persistent post concussive symptoms - Correct Answer A complex disorder following a concussion, lasting for weeks or months, consisting of symptoms such as headaches or dizziness, Nausea, post Trumatic amnesia and GCS of 13/14 Must be diagnosed by neuropsychologist Somatization - Correct Answer The expression of psychological distress through physical symptoms Chronic traumatic encephalopathy - CTE - Correct Answer Rare, progressive, degenerative condition of central nervous system that is seen and repetitive brain trauma Dementia, memory loss, aggression, confusion, depression Hebbian Learning - Correct Answer Neurons that fire together, wire together Experience independent learning - Correct Answer " use it or lose it" 2 / 3

Synaptogenesis - Correct Answer The process by which neurons form new connections Disorders of consciousness - Correct Answer Coma, Vegetative State, minimally conscious state Coma - Correct Answer * no evidence of arousal

• no response to internal or extrnal stimuli
• May have reflexive response
• resolves in 2 to 4 weeks

Vegetative state - Correct Answer Transition of severely brain damaged patients from a coma to wakefulness without awareness Can be months to years in this state Minimally conscious state - Correct Answer condition in which someone has brief periods of purposeful actions and speech comprehension

Emergence from DOC - Correct Answer Requires at least one criteria:

• functional communication by verbal or gestural Y/N response
• functional use of 2 or more objects

Automatic dysfunction syndrome - Correct Answer Episodes of: dystonia (abnormal

muscle tone), tachycardia, diaphoresis (sweating), hyperthermia, hypertension, tachypnea (rapid breathing) *occurs in 15%-33% of severe TBI Sleep Complications - Correct Answer Hypogenic hallucinations - vivid dream like auditory, visual, or tactile sensations on experiences between sleep and wake Cataplexy - feature of narcolepsy. Sudden loss of muscle tone. Consciousness remains clear, memory not impaired and respirations intact Immediate post Trumatic convulsions (seizures) - Correct Answer LOC & involuntary movements within seconds of impact *can be asymmetrical, short period of AMS & retrograde amnesia Early post Trumatic seizures - Correct Answer *occurs within the first week *results from primary direct effect of trauma *risk factors: severe TBI, depressed skull fx , penetrating head injury, sub dural hematoma, entercerebral hematoma, epidural hematoma, portable contusion Late post Trumatic seizures - Correct Answer * within 18 to 24 months however can be years later

• also called post dramatic epilepsy
• strongest risk factors are missile wounds, multiple contusions, multiple craniotomies
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