CCRP AACVPR TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS COMPLETE
2023
How are lipids carried - answer on lipoproteins in the blood because they are insoluble in water
Proteins found on lipoproteins - answer apolipoproteins
Density of lipoprotein with less lipid and greater protein - answer more dense
Density of lipoprotein with more lipids and less protein - answer less dense
Major bloodstream lipoproteins - answer chylomicrons, vLDL, LDL, HDL
Chylomicrons - answer least dense of the lipoproteins and are triglyceride-rich particles that are formed in the intestine
Function of Chylomicrons and where they can be found - answer Transport dietary fat and can be found in the bloodstream at highest concentration soon after a meal
Least to most dense lipoprotein particles - answer Chlyomicron, vLDL, LDL, HDL
lipoprotein that is the most atherogenic of all lipoproteins - answer LDL
LDL carries - answer 60-70% of the cholesterol in the blood
HDL carries - answer 20-30% of the cholesterol in the blood
Equation for total LDL-C in bloodstream - answer LDL= TC-(HDL-C-(TG/5))
When does calculating LDL-C become inaccurate - answer when TG exceeds 400mg/dL
Desirable total cholesterol level - answer <200
Borderline high total cholesterol level - answer 200-240
High total cholesterol level - answer >240
Optimal TG level - answer <150
Borderline high TG level - answer 150-199
High TG level - answer 200-499 1 / 4
Very high TG levels - answer >500
Optimal in men HDL levels - answer >40
Optimal in women HDL levels - answer >50
Optimal LDL-C levels - answer <100
Near optimal LDL-C levels - answer 100-129
Borderline high LDL-C levels - answer 130-159
High LDL-C levels - answer 160-189
Very high LDL-C levels - answer >190
Hypertriglycerdemia is associated with high levels of - answer VLDL-C
Non-HDL-Cholesterol calculation - answer HDL-C - Total cholesterol
Atherogenic dyslipidemia - answer Elevated levels of TG, low HDL-C and only modest elevations of LDL-C
Metabolic syndrome - answer requires the presence of any 3 of the following conditions: abdominal obesity, elevated TG, low HDL, elevated BP and hyperglycemia
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Abdominal obesity - answer WC >102 cm (40 in) for men WC >88cm (35 in) for women
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Hypertriglyceremia - answer ≥150 or drug treatment
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Low HDL - answer <40 for men
<50 for women
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Elevated BP - answer SBP
≥130 DBP ≥85
or drug treatment
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Hyperglycemia - answer Fasting glucose ≥100
or drug treatment
AACVPR understanding of atherosclerosis - answer Traditional risk factors are a source of inflammatory changes in the blood vessel wall --> which attract lipid laden macrophages and other inflammatory cells to enter the blood vessel wall --> where they 2 / 4
proliferate and develop atherosclerotic plaques --> which are the source of the clinical manifestations of CHD
Fatty streaks - answer lipid deposition (daily lipid laden macrophages) in the arterial wall
Lumen - answer opening inside of the blood vessel
fibrous plaque - answer Larger and more obstructive lesoions consisting of an outer fibrous
Why do plaque ruptures occurs prior to the development of cardiovascular symptoms in many cases - answer Atherosclerotic plaques that are prone to rupture tend to be younger, more immature plaques that usually do not produce the degree of luminal narrowing required to develop exertion symptoms
What occurs after a plaque rupture - answer Clot formation within the lumen of the coronary artery, potential resulting in an acute coronary syndrome from the sudden development of severe obstruction to coronary blood flow
Examples of foods high in dietary cholesterol - answer Animal products ( meat, poultry, fish, eggs, butter, cheese, whole and 2% milk)
Examples of foods high in saturated fatty acids - answer high fat meats (beef, lamb, pork, poultry with skin, beef fat, lard), dairy products, tropical oils ( palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil)
Examples of foods high in trans fatty acids - answer fried foods, baked goods, stick margarines, shortenings
Examples of foods high in monounsaturated fatty acids - answer vegetable oils (olive oil, canola oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil) , avocados, peanutbutter, nuts and seeds
Examples of foods high in polyunsaturated fatty acids - answer vegetable oils (soybean oil, safflower oil), fatty fish ( salmon, mackerel, herring, trout) nuts (walnuts), seeds (sunflower seeds)
ACC/AHA Lifestyle Management Guidelines Dietary recommendations for lowering LDL-C - answer 1) consume a dietary pattern that emphasizes; vegetables, whole grains and fruits; low fat dairy products, fish, legumes, non-tropical oils and nuts; limit sweets, sugared beverages and red meats 2) Aim for a diet of 5-6% of calories from saturated fats 3) Reduce percent calories from saturated fats 4) Reduce percent of calories from trans fats
What are unrefined carbohydrates referred as - answer whole grains 3 / 4
Strongest evidence for dietary patterns - answer DASH diet (dietary approach to stop hypertension)
Function of statins - answer reduce cholesterol production in the liver by inhibiting the enzyme HMG CoA reductase
When to investigate into possible secondary causes of hyperlipidemia - answer LDL-C >190 mg/dL and triglycerides >600mg/dL
LDL-C reduction on low intensity statin - answer <30%
LDL-C reduction on moderate intensity statin - answer 30-<50%
LDL-C reduction on high intensity statin - answer >50%
Secondary causes of elevated LDL - answer diets high in saturated fat/trans fat, weight gain, anorexia, diuretics, cyclosporine, glucocorticoids, amiodarone, binary obstruction, nephrotic syndrome, hypothyroidism, obesity, pregnancy
Secondary causes of elevated triglycerides - answer Diets high in refined carbs, weight gain, very low fat diets, excessive alcohol intake, estrogens, glucocorticoids, bile acid sequestrates, protease inhibitors, retinoid acid, anabolic steroids, sirolimus, ralozifene, tamoxifen, beta blockers, thiazide diuretics, chronic renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, lipodystrophies, diabetes, hypothyroidism, obesity, pregnancy
Rosuvastatin 5, 10mg intensity - answer moderate
Rosuvastatin 20, 40 mg intensity - answer high
Atorvastatin 10, 20 mg intensity - answer moderate
Atorvastatin 40, 80mg intensity - answer high
Simvastatin 10mg intensity - answer low
Simvastatin 20, 40 mg intensity - answer moderate
Pravastatin 10, 20 mg intensity - answer low
Pravastatin 40, 80mg intensity - answer moderate
Lovastatin 20mg intensity - answer low
Lovastatin 40mg intensity - answer moderate
- / 4