ONS Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate 2023 Exam Study Quide
3 major phases of cell division: - Correct Answer Interphase
Mitotic phase Cytokinesis
3 steps of interphase: - Correct Answer First growth phase (G1)
Synthesis phase (S phase) Second growth phase (G2)
4 phases of mitosis: - Correct Answer Prophase
Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Innate immunity: - Correct Answer Non-specific response, either:
- Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut)
- Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes, macrophages)
Adaptive immunity: - Correct Answer Follows innate immunity if unsuccessful. Memory
immunity, including:
- Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or immunoglobulins)
- Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells)
- Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit inflammatory responses)
Define mutations - Correct Answer Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene
3 main goals of treatment: - Correct Answer Cure
Control Palliation Define neoadjuvant therapy - Correct Answer Treatment is given prior to surgery to shrink the tumor Define adjuvant therapy - Correct Answer Additional cancer treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the risk that the cancer reoccur Define conditioning/preparative therapy - Correct Answer Treatments used to prepare a patient for stem cell transplantation
2 types of conditioning therapies: - Correct Answer Myeloablative
Nonmyeloablative Define dose density - Correct Answer Drug dose per unit of time 1 / 2
Define dose intensity - Correct Answer Amount of drug delivered over time How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated? - Correct Answer By comparing the dose that the patient ACTUALLY received to the planned dose of the standard regimen How do alkylating agents work? - Correct Answer By causing a break in the DNA helix strand, interfering with DNA replication and causing cell death
3 subcategories of alkylating agents: - Correct Answer 1. Nitrogen mustards
- Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still termed alkylating
- Nitrosoureas
agents as they work similarly)
Most common subcategory of alkylating agents: - Correct Answer Nitrogen mustards
Common alkylating agents: - Correct Answer Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Ifosfamide (Ifex) Bendamustine (Treanda)
Common platinum-based agents: - Correct Answer Cisplatin (Platinol)
Carboplatin (Paraplatin) What is unique about nitrosoureas agents? - Correct Answer Able to cross the blood- brain barrier; can be effective in treating some brain tumors
Common nitrosoureas agents: - Correct Answer Carmustine (BiCNU)
Lomustine (CeeNu) Streptozocin (Zanosar)
Hypersensitivity can occur with late doses of: - Correct Answer Carboplatin
These agents are typically categorized as highly emetogenic: - Correct Answer 1.Alkylating agents
- Nitrosoureas
- / 2
Pre-administration labs for alkylating agents and nitrosoureas: - Correct Answer BUN Creatinine CBC w/ diff What is the medication Mesna used for? - Correct Answer Bladder protectant with administration of cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide Instruct pts receiving ________ to avoid exposure to cold air and consuming cold fluids for 3-4 days following treatment - Correct Answer Oxaliplatin