CHSO 404 ACTUAL FINAL EXAM 2025
COMPLETE WITH QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED CORRECT ANSWERS | 100%
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A+ | CHSO 404 LATEST EXAM 2 2025
What does the thalamus do? - ANSWER- relay station for info to and from the cerebral cortex, relays sensory info to the sensory cortex, relays critical info regarding motor activities to and from regions of the motor cortex, allows for crud recognition of pleasant and unpleasant, and some auditory experiences
What does the hypothalamus do? - ANSWER- master gland that controls most homeostatic processes in the body- regulates water balance, hunger-satiety, water balance, overall metabolism, and body temperature also controls autonomic nervous system (involuntary) and regulates pituitary glands
What 2 things make up the brain stem? What does this part of the area control? - ANSWER- contains pons and medulla regulates basic and essential functions like respiratory control center, cardiovascular control center, and vasomotor center also controls swallowing, vomiting, micturition, salivation, pupillary diameter, consciousness, sleep-wake cycle
What is the reticular formation or reticular activating system (RAS)? - ANSWER- parts of the brain stem form this structure 1 / 4
it extends the length of the brain stem and governs these essential functions of the brain stem (specifically consciousness)
What does the cerebellum do? What two hemispheres does it have? Where is it located in regards to cerebrum/cerebral hemispheres? - ANSWER- governs skeletal muscle activity- running, typing, talking, balance, and equilibrium contains two hemispheres- outer region of gray matter and inner region of white matter dorsally under the occipital lobe of the cerebrum
What are the 4 things that protect the CNS? Describe each. - ANSWER- bone- skull and vertebral column meninges- 3 connective tissue membranes cerebrospinal fluid- water (plasma-like) broth in ventricles that provides a watery cushion the blood brain barrier- separation between blood and neurons; relatively impermeable capillaries to prevent access to brain
What are the 3 connective tissues in the meninges? - ANSWER- dura mater- double layer membrane surrounding the brain; outer most layer- closest to skull arachnoid mater- threadlike extensions span subarachnoid space (filled with CSF); in between dura and pia mater pia mater- clings tightly to the surface of brain and spinal cord; inner most layer
What are the two layers in the dura mater? - ANSWER- periosteal layer- attached to inner skull surface meningeal layer- outer most covering and continues as dura mater of spinal cord
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T/F: the dura mater is fused in most areas except for 3 areas due to dural sinuses open to collect venous blood - ANSWER- true
T/F: arachnoid villa protrude through dura mater - ANSWER- true
What are the 4 ventricles that contain CSF? - ANSWER- 2 lateral ventricles, diencephalon ventricle, and ventricle in subarachnoid space and central cord of spinal cord
How is CSF formed? What is it composed of? - ANSWER- formed from blood by the choroid plexus, a set of capillary clusters originating from the pia mater that are found in each ventricle composed of less protein, more vitamin C, and different in content than plasma (essentially ultrafiltrate of plasma)
What is a traumatic brain injury (TBIs)? - ANSWER- varying impairments depending on cause, severity, and brain region involved
What are cerebrovascular disease? - ANSWER- vascular injuries such as stroke that may present with similar manifestations to TBIs
What are spinal cord injuries (SCIs)? - ANSWER- the result of injuries to cranial nerves that often accompany TBIs
What are seizures? - ANSWER- accompany many neurological conditions, including TBIs and cerebrovascular disease
What system determines consciousness? - ANSWER- reticular activating system (runs through brain stem to both hemispheres) 3 / 4
T/F: loss of consciousness implies diffuse brain injury - ANSWER- true
T/F: focal neurologic deficit does not usually disrupt consciousness - ANSWER-
true- focal aka local (usually one specific symptom of a central system)
What are the two neural cells and what are their functions? - ANSWER- neurons- functional cells of the nervous system that contain the cell body, dendrites, and axons schwann cells- supporting cells in the PNS that produce myelin to facilitate rapid conduction of an action potential
How do nerve cells communicate? - ANSWER- action potentials- ionic changes that allow conduction of info along with length of the axon synaptic transmission- process by which a neuron conveys info to another cell such as a neuron, muscle cell, or gland neurotransmitter- key to synaptic transmission; chemical signal released from the presynaptic neuron that interacts with the post synaptic cell
What are the 5 parts of the cerebral hemisphere? (Cerebrum) - ANSWER- frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe limbic system
What does the frontal lobe control? - ANSWER- primary motor cortex for precise movement of hands and feet, phonation (speech), premotor and motor association cortex for planning of complex learned movement patterns
What does the parietal lobe do? - ANSWER- primary somatosensory cortex and somatosensory association cortex for perceiving the meaningfulness of integrated sensory inputs
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