CIPPE Exam 2023 With Complete Solutions.Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) (1948) - Answer first international legal instrument announcing the right to privacy (Article 12), catalyst for other human rights instruments in Europe European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) (1950) - Answer international treaty to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms, right to privacy (Article 8) and many more protections of a wide scope Treaty of Rome (1957) - Answer established the European Economic Area (EEA, member states plus Iceland, Lichtenstein, and Norway), all member states have now incorporated or given effect to ECHR in their national law Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guidelines of Protection of Privacy and Trans-border Flows of Personal Data (1980) - Answer include basic data protection principles and aim to facilitate data flows and protect personal data in a global economy Convention 108 (1981) - Answer convention for the protection of individuals with regard to automatic processing of personal data
- applies to all processing carried out in the public/private sector
- protects individual from abuse
- regulates trans-border data flows
- outlaws processing of sensitive data without proper legal safeguards
- data subject rights
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only legally binding instrument in the data protection field, ratified by ALL EU member states Treaty of Maastricht (1992) - Answer established the EU The EU Data Protection Directive (95/46/EC) (1995) - Answer aimed to further reconcile individual data protection rights with free flow of data between member states, used Convention 108 as a benchmark, set out general data protection principles and obligations requiring EU member states to transpose and implement them Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (2000) - Answer incorporated human rights protections (unlike the original treaties of the European communities), became legally binding as EU primary law when the Treaty of Lisbon (2009) came into place respect for private and family life (Article 7) and right to data protection (Article 8) Treaty on European Union (TEU) (2007) - Answer forms the basis of EU law Treaty of Lisbon (2009) - Answer made the Charter of Fundamental Rights binding (elevated the right of personal data protection to a fundamental right), established 7