Client Centered Care Exam 2 with Complete Solutions 2023/2024 Rated A+ GI Tract is made up of what - Correct Answer The mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum, and anus.Accessory organs of the GI - Correct Answer The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas Functions of the upper GI - Correct Answer Chewing, swallowing, and breaking down food particles.Risk factors for oral cancer - Correct Answer Cigarette smoking, tobacco use, pipe smoking, excessive alcohol use, infection with HPV, and genetic predisposition Signs and symptoms of oral cancer - Correct Answer Lesions on the tongue or mucosa, sores or discoloration of the lips or mouth that don't heal treatment of oral cancer - Correct Answer radiation, chemotherapy, surgery that may require the creation of a tracheostomy Nursing care of a patient with oral cancer - Correct Answer Involves monitoring respiratory status, nutritional support, and comfort measures Esophageal cancer/ gastric cancer risk factors - Correct Answer Smoking, excessive alcohol use cause of esophageal cancer - Correct Answer Barrett esophagus Barrett esophagus - Correct Answer Precancerous condition due to longstanding GERD, the constant irritation of the esophagus by stomach fluids can cause cells to become malignant.Signs and symptoms of esophageal cancer - Correct Answer dysphagia, hoarseness, persistent cough, halitosis, regurgitation of foods, and weight loss.Treatment of esophageal cancer - Correct Answer Endoscopic therapies and surgeries.Esophagectomy is less commonly done due to complication rate respiratory acidosis - Correct Answer A drop in blood pH due to hypoventilation (too little breathing) and a resulting accumulation of Co2.respiratory alkalosis - Correct Answer Arise in blood pH due to hyperventilation (excessive breathing) and a resulting decrease in CO2.metabolic acidosis - Correct Answer decreased pH in blood and body tissues as a result of an upset in metabolism 1 / 2
metabolic alkalosis - Correct Answer elevation of HCO3- usually caused by an excessive loss of metabolic acids
respiratory acidosis - Correct Answer Causes: shallow, slow respirations->
HYPOventilation; respiratory congestion or obstruction.Can be due to COPD, severe pneumonia, or excessive sedation; respiratory muscle weakness.Signs and symptoms of respiratory acidosis - Correct Answer Hypoventilation, dyspnea, anxiety, and confusion ABG values for respiratory acidosis - Correct Answer pH less than 7.35, PaCO2 greater than 45 causes of metabolic acidosis - Correct Answer shock, DKA, lactic acidosis, renal failure, diarrhea, and starvation signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis - Correct Answer Kussmaul respirations; headache; confusion; malaise ABG values for metabolic acidosis - Correct Answer low pH, HCO3 less than 22 Causes of respiratory alkalosis - Correct Answer HYPERventilation caused by anxiety or pain, mechanical ventilation Signs and symptoms of respiratory alkalosis - Correct Answer Hyperventilation; confusion; Lightheadedness ABG values for respiratory alkalosis - Correct Answer ph greater than 7.45, paCO2 less than 35 metabolic alkalosis causes - Correct Answer vomiting; prolonged gastric suction; hypokalemia; medications: diuretics, antacids or bicarbonate, mineralocorticoids signs and symptoms of metabolic alkalosis - Correct Answer Hypoventilation; confusion; numbness/tingling; decreased LOC ABG values for metabolic alkalosis - Correct Answer pH greater than 7.45, HCO3 greater than 26 Normal pH - Correct Answer 7.35-7.45 Normal PaO2 levels - Correct Answer 80-100 mmHg Normal PaCO2 levels - Correct Answer 35-45 mmHg
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