CMGT - 360 DBIA FUNDAMENTALS OF

CMGT - 360 DBIA FUNDAMENTALS OF

PROJECT-2024 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTION AND

CORRECT ANSWERS VERIFIED ANSWERS

ALREADY GRADED A+

(1795- 1750 BC) established the earliest known body of laws written to govern its people which included codes for builders - ANSWER✔✔Hammurabi Obligation of design & construction to society - ANSWER✔✔Code of Hammurabi

• Roman writer, engineer, architect lived in 1st century BC (Roman Empire)

++ He created the original design and construction hand book (De Architectura Libri Decem "10 books of architecture" -- manufacturer of building materials/roads & bridges/heating water/amplification)

• Credited with transitionong the practice of architecture and engineering to a routine practice
• Established design and construction management as learned professions - ANSWER✔✔Vitruvius
• Quintessential design-builder and innovator (1377 - 1446)
• Italian Artist-Architect-Builder (1420)
• Master Builders who developed the "dome" concept for the Gothic Cathedral of Florence (the duomo)
• Key figgure in the transition from the Middle Ages to the modern Renaissance area -

ANSWER✔✔Brunelleschi Craft training and education - ANSWER✔✔Middle Ages Separate design and construction - ANSWER✔✔Renaissance

• First intentional separation of the art from the craft (1456) 1 / 3

• Poet, Philosopher and secretary to the Pope.
• The rise of professionalism: First push to separate design and construction as distinct functions -

ANSWER✔✔Leone Battista Alberti

• Established architecture as a profession distinct from the science of engineering and construction
• From 15th century Renaissance in to 19th century Industrial Revolution, Architects retained

responsibilities for both design and construction

• Industrial Revolution brought on the separation of design and construction - ANSWER✔✔The Rise of

Professionalism

• DBIA founded in 1993 to help standardize and advocate for an already emerging design-build industry
• Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)
• Building Information Modeling (BIM)
• Sustainable Design (Green/LEED)
• High Performance Contracting (LEAN - Toyota Production Model) - ANSWER✔✔Return to Integration
• Division of Labor: Building professions took on increasingly defined roles of architects, engineer, and

builder

• Entrepreneurship: need fpr architects and engineers to take risk and assure performance and cost of

facilities (construction)

• Need for capital: Responded to need by non-participating owners (stockholders) becoming an integral

part of projects - ANSWER✔✔Effects of the Industrial Revolution • Greater professional specialization • Increase in specialized knowledge • Promotion & advocacy of professional 2 / 3

interests & markets • Ethical standards of practice • Rise of conflict-of-interest issues ++Middle 19th century there was a clear distinction had been made between design professionals and builders • 1852 American Society of Civil Engineers an Architects (ASCEA) • 1857 Architects dropped and American Institute of Architects (AIA) was formed ++Design professionals wanted to separate themselves from sometimes corrupt builders - ANSWER✔✔Professional Societies ++Public contracting law mandating separation of design from construction

• Contractor selection solely on lowest responsible bid
• Existing Federal law requiring any federal project exceeding $100,000 to require two bonds

(performance and a labor and material bond)

• Implemented during World War I and Wold War II to reduce the risk of fraud, favoritism, undue

influence, and reassurance to taxpayers their tax dollars were being spent properly.

• Worked well for a long time... but new procurement methods are on the rise, especially the

construction industry - ANSWER✔✔The Miller Act (1935)

• First license laws for Architect licensing initiated in 1897
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