CMN568/ CMN 568 (Latest 2024/ 2025) Intro to Family NP Unit 2 Exam Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A CAP caused by Viruses vs Bacteria? Which is more common in adults? Which is more common in kids?Adults - Bacterial Peds - Viral
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Most common viral cause of CAP Influenza
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Best NFL Rookie WRs in the 2021 Season!Common symptoms of CAP
- Cough, with our without sputum production
- Fever, chills, rigor, sweats
- Dyspnea
- Chest/ pleuritic pain
- Nausea, anorexia, diarrhea
- Headache, myalgias
- Fatigue
- Patients appear acutely ill
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Common signs of CAP
+ Fever: present in 80%. May be low or absent, especially in elderly
- Tachycardia
- Tachypnea (may be the most sensitive sign in elderly)
- Rales, inspiratory crackles or bronchial breath sounds
- Dullness to percussion over areas of consolidation
- Oxygen desaturation
- Mental status changes, esp. in elderly
NOTE: No clear constellation of signs or symptoms has been found to accurately predict the diagnosis of pneumonia.
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Common causes of bacterial CAP
- Strep pneumo -- #1
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Chlamydia pneumoniae
- Staph aureus
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Moraxella catarrhalis
- Legionella spp.
+Haemophilus influenzae
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Common viral causes of CAP
+ INFLUENZA (#1)
- RSV
- Adenoviruses
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Gold standard of CAP dx?CXR which indicates a pulmonary opacity. (CT scan will show it too.)
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After a positive CXR, what other tests should patients have to confirm dx of CAP?
- NONE for most pts. Start tx with empiric abx
- Atypical causes (Exposure to TB or flu, recent travel, immunosuppressed) should prob
undergo additional testing.--Sputum gram stain --UA antigen tests for s.pneumo or legionelle --Rapid flu
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ABX tx of CAP in previously healthy patients with no recent antibiotic use?MACROLIDES (-mycins) or Doxycycline
- Azithromycin (z-pack) 500mg/d x1 day, then 250mg/d x 4d
- Clarithromycin 500mg BID x 5 days
- Doxycycline 100mg BID x 5 days
OR
OR
NOTE: Use of fluoroquinolones is discouraged in ambulatory patients without co-morbidities or recent antibiotic use.
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ABX tx of CAP in previously healthy patients with comorbid conditions, immunosuppression or recent antibiotic use?
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