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CNUR 202 MIDTERM EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL
EXAM| COMPLETE 150 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIE D ANSWERS)
ALREADY GRADED A+|| BRAND NEW!!
define pharmacokinetics - ANSWER - what the body does to the drug
what are the 4 components of pharmacokinetics? - ANSWER - 1.absorption into bloodstream (enteral, parenteral, topical)
- distribution (movement from bloodstream to site of action)
- excretion (mainly the kidneys and biliary tract)
3.metabolism (usually in liver via enzyamatic activity)
what is an important factor of distribution of drugs? - ANSWER - albumin = carrier protein (drugs bind to it) so if less albumin drug is less effective
what is bioavailability? - ANSWER - the amount of drug that enters circulation
absorption of a med is very dependent on the ______ of admin - ANSWER - route (IV - 100% bioavailable)
explain first pass metabolism - ANSWER - when a med is absorbed orally it is absorbed bu the gI tract and metabolized by liver (not 100% bioavailable) 1 / 3
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pg. 2 what are some factors that affect drug metabolism? - ANSWER - age, diet, gender, liver function, comorbidities, genetics
explain half life - ANSWER - the time it takes for 50% of drug to be eliminated from the body
explain steady state - ANSWER - the amount of drug absorbed = amount eliminated
define pharmacodynamics - ANSWER - study of what the drug does to the body
drug MOA.- produces a therapeutic effect by what 3 methods - ANSWER - 1. receptor interaction
- enzyme interactions
- non-selective interactions
explain receptor interactions of drugs - ANSWER - the drug binds to (agonist) or blocks (antagonist) a receptor (NE and E)
explain enzymatic interactions of drugs - ANSWER - drug inhibits or enhances action of a specific enzyme (viagra)
explain non-selective interaction of drugs - ANSWER - drug targets cell membranes and metabolic activities - interferes with the structure physically or chemically 2 / 3
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pg. 3 (antibiotics, chemotherapy)
what are some special groups/pops - ANSWER - pregnant and breastfeeding pediatrics older adults
what are older adults considered a special pop? - ANSWER - polypharamcy - often on multiple meds BEERS - increased side effects
what is the term for the drug concentration that is safe and effective - ANSWER - therapeutic index
what are common causes of med errors? - ANSWER - failed communication poor drug distribution dose miscalculations med packaging, labelling incorrect admin lack of education
goal of med reconciliation - ANSWER - decreased adverse drug events
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