COMD 4500 Exam 1 Study Guide with Complete Solutions Communication Chain - Correct Answer Cognitive Processing Linguistic Processing Motor Speech Programming Neuromotor Execution Cognitive Processing - Correct Answer Generate intent to communication, deciding what you want to say, and thinking about the effect it will have on the listener.Linguistic Processing - Correct Answer Using knowledge of meanings of words, grammar, rules of language to put together an utterance. Generate verbal symbols and symbols are organized according to the rules of the language.Motor Speech Programming - Correct Answer Translate verbal symbols into a motor plan, a sensorimotor score. Select which muscles need to be activated (timing, order, etc.) Neuromotor Execution - Correct Answer Central and peripheral nervous system involved. Executing the motor speech plan by innervating speech mechanism. SPEECH Speech Subsystems - Correct Answer Respiration Phonation Resonance Articulation Prosody Voice - Correct Answer Sound produced by vibration of the vocal folds (phonation). These disorders commonly exist without deficits in cognition, language or speech. They may co-occur in some instances.Swallow - Correct Answer Similar anatomy involved in speech and voice are involved in this process.These disorders may occur independent of other communication disorders, but may co-occur depending on the underlying etiology. 1 / 2
Motor Speech Disorder - Correct Answer Disruption in any part of the motor system resulting in problems with motor speech programming or neuromotor exectution. Could result in problems with any of the speech subsystems.Apraxia of Speech - Correct Answer "A neurologic speech disorder that reflects an impaired capacity to plan or program sensorimotor commands necessary for directing movements that result in phonetically and prosodically normal speech. It can occur in the absence of physiologic disturbances associated with the dysarthrias and in the absence of disturbance in any component of language."
AOS Lesions - Correct Answer Caused by: lesions in the left cerebral hemisphere
Lesions generally in the left posterior or frontal lobe Lesions interfere with the "motor speech programmer" Motor Speech Programmer - Correct Answer Network of interactive structures & pathways (not single anatomic structure) Transforms abstract phonemes into neural code
• Specifies parameters of movement for muscles:
• Duration of movement • Parameters of acceleration • Muscle stiffness • Relative timing AOS Etiologies - Correct Answer Left-sided CVA, Tumor, Trauma (esp. surgical) AOS Clinical Characteristics - Correct Answer • Right-sided weakness and/or spasticity • Limb apraxia
• Nonverbal oral apraxia (NVOA): 77%
• Aphasia: 65%
• Dysarthria: 20-30%
AOS Speech Characteristics - Correct Answer • Difficulty stringing sounds/syllables together in the appropriate order
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