COMD 4500 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Which professionals can make a medical diagnosis? - Correct Answer Medical professionals (doctors) Excitatory inputs to a neuron - Correct Answer brings target neuron closer to threshold inhibitory inputs to a neuron - Correct Answer takes target neuron further from threshold frontal - Correct Answer BRAIN LOBES AND FUNCTIONS voluntary movement, cognition; control panel for personality and emotions; problem solving, judgment, memory and language formulation occipital - Correct Answer BRAIN LOBES AND FUNCTIONS vision; signals from the optic nerve will end up here, so that they can be further processed into understanding and interpreting the visual world around us temporal - Correct Answer BRAIN LOBES AND FUNCTIONS hearing & memory processes; sense of hearing and processing sensory input. Not only does this region of the brain recognize the presence of sound, but of course it helps us understand those sounds parietal - Correct Answer BRAIN LOBES AND FUNCTIONS sense of taste, touch, sensation of movement and where the body is in space CNS - Correct Answer BASIC NEURAL STRUCTURES brain and spinal cord-protected by meninges-cerebrospinal fluid-blood brain barrier Two main structures: the brain & spinal cord 1 / 3
gray matter for processing signals taking place within the brain white matter surrounds axons connecting neurons protected by the meninges, the three protective layers that completely cover the brain and the spinal cord; these are there to maintain a very protected and clean environment.Filled with cerebrospinal fluid blood brain barrier: kind of a sieve; it will let small things through, but not the big things There can be some damage to this blood brain barrier, which then will permit things to go through that shouldn't be crossing it if a virus were to enter the brain, that would create a very serious condition which we know of as encephalitis, or if the meninges themselves are infected, that's meningitis PNS - Correct Answer BASIC NEURAL STRUCTURES sensory input from periphery-motor output to muscles-spinal nerves for trunk and limbs-cranial nerves for head and neck responsible for bringing in sensory input from the periphery motor output to muscles in the periphery The main components of the peripheral nervous system are the spinal nerves and the cranial nerves spinal nerves originate from the spinal cord, innervate for trunk and limbs cranial nerves, originate in brain stem and serve functions for sensation and motor control for head and neck 12 pairs some sensory only - e.g., olfactory, optic some sensory and motor - e.g., facial VII, it controls the muscles of facial expression and also conveys sensory information into the brain from the taste buds on the front two thirds of the tongue some motor only - e.g., hypoglossal; responsible for almost all of the muscles of the tongue Cranial Nerves - Correct Answer •12 pairs •some sensory only - e.g., olfactory •some sensory and motor - e.g., facial •some motor only - e.g., hypoglossal 2 / 3
originate in brain stem and serve functions for sensation and motor control for head and neck 12 pairs some sensory only - e.g., olfactory, optic some sensory and motor - e.g., facial VII, it controls the muscles of facial expression and also conveys sensory information into the brain from the taste buds on the front two thirds of the tongue some motor only - e.g., hypoglossal; responsible for almost all of the muscles of the tongue Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - Correct Answer •sensory input from the periphery •motor output to muscles •spinal nerves for trunk and limbs •cranial nerves for head and neck descending motor tracts - Correct Answer carry motor instructions from the brain to the body's muscles and glands direct pathways - Correct Answer •a.k.a. pyramidal system •corticobulbar tract •leads to cranial nerves •head and neck muscles •controls larynx and articulators •corticospinal tract •leads to spinal nerves •limb control •trunk muscles indirect pathways - Correct Answer •cerebellum •motor learning •compares motor commands with results •error correction •basal ganglia •sequencing of complex movements •integration of sensory signals
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