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pg. 1 Pediatrics HESI 2023 ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK|
COMPLETE 360 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES) ALREADY GRADED A+
The nurse receives a lab report stating a child with asthma has a theophylline level of 15 mcg/dl. What action will the nurse take?Pass the information on in the report.Notify the healthcare provider because the value is high.Repeat the lab study because the value is too high.Hold the next dose of theophylline. - Correct Answer - Pass the information on in the report.The therapeutic level of theophylline is 10 to 20 mcg/dl, so the child's level is within the therapeutic range. This information evaluates the prescribed therapy and should be communicated in the nurse's report (A). (B, C, and D) would be inappropriate actions in view of the laboratory finding.
The nurse is having difficulty communicating with a hospitalized 6-year- old child. Which approach by the nurse is most helpful in establishing communication?Engage the child through drawing pictures.Suggest that the parent read a book to the child.Provide paper and pencil for the child to keep a diary.Ask the parent if the child is always uncommunicative. - Correct Answer - Engage the child through drawing pictures. 1 / 4
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pg. 2 Drawing pictures (A) is a valuable form of non-verbal communication.As the nurse and child look at the drawings, a verbal story can be told that projects the child's thinking. (B) may distract the child, but does not establish communication with the nurse. (C) is useful for an older child who is able to write. (D) is important, but engaging the child is more effective in establishing communication patterns.
The nurse is caring for a 12-year-old with Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH). This child should be carefully assessed for which complication?Poor skin turgor resulting from dehydration.Changes in level of consciousness.Premature aging as the disease progresses.Severe edema from an excess of water and sodium. - Correct Answer - Changes in level of consciousness.The child must be monitored for signs and symptoms of hyponatremia, which creates secondary central nervous system alterations such as changes in level of consciousness, seizure, and coma (B). Fluid overload occurs with SIADH, not (A) (which occurs with diabetes insipidus). (C) is caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone, not SIADH. (D) is not found in children with SIADH because edema is caused by an excess of both water and sodium.
A 3-year-old boy is brought to the emergency room because he swallowed an entire bottle of children's vitamin pills. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?Insert N/G tube for gastric lavage.Determine the child's pulse and respirations. 2 / 4
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pg. 3 Assess the child's level of consciousness.Administer an IV D5/0.25 NS as prescribed. - Correct Answer - Determine the child's pulse and respirations.The most important principle in dealing with a poisoning is to treat the child first, not the poison. Initiate immediate life support measures with assessment of vital signs (B), in particular, respirations. Inserting an airway or initiating mechanical ventilation may be necessary.Assessment and identification of the poison should occur prior to (A). (C and D) should occur after assessing the airway.
To take the vital signs of a 4-month-old child, which order provides the most accurate results?Respiratory rate, heart rate, then rectal temperature.Heart rate, rectal temperature, then respiratory rate.Rectal temperature, heart rate, then respiratory rate.Rectal temperature, respiratory rate, then heart rate. - Correct Answer - Respiratory rate, heart rate, then rectal temperature.The respiratory rate should be taken first (A) in infants, since touching them or performing unpleasant procedures usually makes them cry, elevating the heart rate and making respirations difficult to count (B).Rectal temperature is the most invasive procedure, and is most likely to precipitate crying, so should be done last (C and D).
The parents of a 3-week-old infant report that the child eats well but vomits after each feeding. What information is most important for the nurse to obtain?Description of vomiting episodes in past 24 hours. 3 / 4
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pg. 4 Number of wet diapers in last 24 hours.Feeding and sleep schedule.Amount of formula consumed during the past 24 hours. - Correct Answer - Description of vomiting episodes in past 24 hours.A description of the vomiting episodes (A) will assist the nurse in determining the reason for the symptoms, which may be helpful in developing a plan of care for this infant. (B and C) provide related information but are not as helpful as (A). (D) may be related to the vomiting, but the nurse should first obtain a better description of the vomiting episodes.
A 5-month-old is admitted to the hospital with vomiting and diarrhea.The pediatrician prescribes dextrose 5% and 0.25% normal saline with 2 mEq KCl/100 ml to be infused at 25 ml/hour. Prior to initiating the infusion, the nurse should obtain which assessment finding?Frequency of emesis in the last 8 hours.Serum BUN and creatinine levels.Current blood sugar level.Appearance of the stool. - Correct Answer - Serum BUN and creatinine levels.Regardless of a client's age, adequate renal function must be present before adding potassium to IV fluids (B). (A) is important in determining the need for fluid replacement. (C) is not indicated. (D) is useful information, but will not impact administration of the prescribed IV solution.
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