Complete Chapters Test Bank

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TEST BANK

Psychology of Criminal Behaviour A Canadian Perspective, 3rd Edition by Shelley Brown Complete Chapters Test Bank are included (Ch 1 to 14) 1 / 4

Table of Contents are given below 1.rime in Canada

2.Theories of Crime: Biological and Evolutionary Explanations

3.Theories of Crime: Learning and Environment

4.Canadian Corrections in Practice 5.Adolescent Offenders 6.Economically Motivated Offenders 7.Substance Abusing Offenders

8.Violent Offending: General Violence and Homicide

9.Intimate Partner Violence 10.Mentally Disordered Offenders 11.Psychopathic Offenders 12.Sexual Offenders 13.Female Offenders 14.Aboriginal Offenders 2 / 4

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CHAPTER 14: Justice-Involved Indigenous Persons

MULTIPLE CHOICE

• Although the problem of Indigenous over-representation is evident across the

country, it is most obvious in which region of Canada?a.Atlantic region

• Quebec region

c.Ontario region

• Pacific region

e.Prairie region Answer: e Difficulty: Moderate Learning Objective: Critical Stats and Facts

Skill: Recall

• The 2012 case of Ipeelee is significant for which of the following reasons?

a.It heavily scrutinized the applicability of conventional risk-assessment tools t o Indigenous persons in the criminal justice system

• It led to the creation of policies that ensure Indigenous persons are a

ble to receive treatment that is culturally appropriate c.It dictates that “all available sanctions other than imprisonment that are reasonable in the circumstances should be considered for all offenders, wit h particular attention to the circumstances of aboriginal offenders.”

• It led to the development of courts in Canada that focus on processing

Indigenous persons in the justice system e.The Supreme Courted noted that judges should consider the legacy of residential schools as a background factor in sentencing Answer: e Difficulty: Challenging Learning Objective: LO 14.1 Describe why Indigenous People might be over-represented in the criminal justice system.

Skill: Recall

3. Bill C-41, section 718.2(e), introduced by Parliament in 1996, has changed:

a.sentencing practices for Indigenous correctional clients

• policing policies for Indigenous communities

c.the types of crimes that Indigenous Peoples can be charged with

• the levels of secure custody that can be used with Indigenous Peoples

e.the length of time Indigenous Peoples can spend in remand Answer: a Difficulty: Challenging Learning Objective: LO 14.2 Describe the attempts that have been made to reduce Indigenous over-representation.Skill: Recall The test bank is organized in reverse order, with the last chapter displayed first, to ensure that all chapters are included in this document. (Complete Chapters included Ch14-1) 3 / 4

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4. The case of R v. Gladue (1999) was important because:

• it acknowledged the role of domestic violence as a factor in intimate partner

homicide for Indigenous women

• it was a notorious case for which Canada received international criticism
• courts were created to focus on processing Indigenous persons in the justice

system

• it upheld that Indigenous Peoples could only be transferred to an Indigenous

healing lodge if they demonstrated knowledge of their culture

• it heavily scrutinized the applicability of conventional risk-assessment tools to

Indigenous persons in the criminal justice system

Answer: c Difficulty: Moderate Learning Objective: LO 14.2 Describe the attempts that have been made to reduce Indigenous over-representation. Skill: Recall

• Bill C-41 has emphasized the consideration of alternative sentencing options.

However, one development that may work in opposition to the reforms that followed

Bill C-41 is:

• he overrepresentation of Indigenous People in prison
• the Safe Streets and Communities Act, which limits judges’ discretion when

sentencing

• the creation of the Gladue Courts, which must take the individual’s culture

into account

• the legalization of cannabis
• case law, such as the 2012 case of Ipeelee, in which the Supreme Court notes

that judges should consider the legacy of residential schools when sentencing

Answer: b Difficulty: Moderate Learning Objective: LO 14.2 Describe the attempts that have been made to reduce Indigenous over-representation. Skill: Recall

• Though Indigenous and non-Indigenous People tend to share the same risk factors for

crime, Indigenous People are more likely to have:

• a parent who has a criminal history
• a history of substance use disorder
• antisocial attitudes
• a diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
• antisocial personality pattern

Answer: d Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: LO 14.2 Describe the attempts

that have been made to reduce Indigenous over-representation. Skill: Recall

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