Concepts in Nursing Exam 2 Questions with 100% Verified Correct Answers 2024/2025 metabolic functions of the liver - Correct Answer glucose metabolism, ammonia conversion, protein metabolism, fat metabolism, vitamin and iron storage, bilirubin excretion, drug metabolism pathophysiologic alterations and anatomy of the liver - Correct Answer large organ, highly vascular, RUQ, blood flow primarily from portal vein clincial manifestations of hepatic dysfunction - Correct Answer jaundice, portal hypertension, ascites, esophageal varices, prone to rupture, hepatic encephalopathy, coma, edema, bleeding, vitamin deficiency, metabolic abnormalities, pruritis.diagnostic evaluations for liver - Correct Answer liver function tests, liver biopsy, ct scans, US, MRI, surgical laparoscopy liver function tests - Correct Answer ALT, AST, GTT serum concentrations: proteins (albumin, bilirubin, ammonia, clotting factors(PT), lipids health history for liver assessment - Correct Answer new meds? herbals? dietary supp.?prescriptions? recent travel? lifestyle behaviors? alcohol? IV drug use? sexual practices? foreign travel?physical assessment for liver - Correct Answer skin(pallor, jaundice, excoriations, petechiae, spider angiomona) abdomen(enlarged,fluid wave, liver palpable) eyes(jaundice) extremities(edema) mental state(slurred speach, weakness, coma) jaundice - Correct Answer body's tissues become yellow in the sclera and skin. occurs do to elevated bilirubin levels ascites - Correct Answer (fluid wave shift-dullness in percussion) increased abd. growth, rapid weight gain, SOB, distended abd veins, fluid/electrolyte imbalances esophageal varices - Correct Answer hematemesis, melena, mental deterioration, shock symptoms(cool, clammy skin, HTN, tachy) common with cirrhosis, can cause massive hemorrhage 1 / 2
hepatic encephalopathy and coma - Correct Answer mental status changes, motor disturbances, drowsy in day, restless at night, disorientation, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes to flaccid. life threatening, occurs with profound liver failure portal hypertension - Correct Answer splenomegaly+hypersplenism, ascites and varices, commonly associated with cirrhosis nutritional deficiencies - Correct Answer A-night blindness,eye,skin change. C-hemorrhagic lesions of scurvy. K-hypoprothrombinemia,spontaneous bleeding. folic acid-macrocytic anemia.Thiamine- beriberi,polyneuritis,wernicke-korsakoff psychosis. Riboflavin-characteristic skin/mucous membrane lessions. Pyridoxine-same as above/neurologic changes medical management of pt with esophageal varices - Correct Answer pharmacologic-vasoactive drugs/beta blockers. balloon tamponade, endoscopic sclerotherapy, endoscopic variceal ligation(banding therapy) TIPS surgical management of pt with esophageal varices - Correct Answer surgical bypass procedures, devascularization/transection nursing management of pt with esophageal varices - Correct Answer observe response to therapy, watch for side effects, support, explain, oral hygeine, observe for aspiration, bleeding, signs of infection, perforation, altered mental state.Hepatitis A causes/prevention - Correct Answer fecal-oral route, contaminated food or water, poor hygiene, hand to mouth, sexual activity. crowded areas, poor sanitation.hepatitis A manifestations - Correct Answer many without symptoms/most recover. mild,flu-like,low grade fever,anorexia,indigestion,jaundice Hepatitis A management - Correct Answer bed rest, IV fluids, nutritious diet, educate pt, alcohol avoidance, personal hygiene practices, routine labs Hepatitis B causes/prevention - Correct Answer blood,saliva,semen,vaginal secretions. mucous membranes, breaks in skin, mother to infants. most recover spontaneously after 6 months
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