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COPE HEALTH SCHOLARS WRITTEN EXAM REVIEW
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COMPLETE 400 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
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What are the 3 types of transmission-based precautions - ANSWER - 1)
contact (either direct or indirect): any skin to skin contact with patient,
gown, surfaces patient has touches.
2) droplet: infectious agent that transmits infection when they travel
from respiratory tract from infected individual via sneezing or coughing to susceptible mucosal surfaces of recipient (less than 3 feet away)
3) airborne: via contaminated dust particles or minute droplet nuclei (can
be transmitted more than 3 feet away)
Give examples of common bacterial infections - ANSWER - 1) Streptococcus 2) staphylococcus 3) Tuberculosis
Give examples of common viral infections - ANSWER - 1) HIV --> AIDS 2) Epstein-Barre syndrome 3) Influenza virus 4) Hepatitis B 1 / 4
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pg. 2 What are complications that result from being infected with Streptococcus? - ANSWER - Pharyngitis (strep throat), toxic shock syndrome, rheumatic fever, scarlet fever, skin infections
What are some complication that result from being infected with Staphylococcus? aka toxic shock syndrome - ANSWER - mild skin infections (pimples, impetigo), meningitis, endocarditis, and pneumonia
What are some complications that result from being infected with TB? - ANSWER - coughing up blood, known as respiratory illness that causes progressive lung damage, fever, night sweats, weight loss. It can also affect many organs including the kidneys and intestines
What is AIDS? - ANSWER - AIDS is a complication of HIV. This basically means that the infected individual has lost cell-mediated immunity (the person's innate immune system) and are therefore way more vulnerable to opportunistic infections.AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome
What does Hepatitis B cause/complications? How is it transmitted? - ANSWER - causes irreversible liver damage, due to inflammation of liver. (Cirrhosis)
Transmitted mainly through sexual contact, sharing needles, or other drug equipment, or even from mother to baby
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pg. 3 How is HIV transmitted, and what are some other complications besides AIDS? - ANSWER - HIV is transmitted via blood, rectal fluid, vaginal fluid, semen, breast milk in mother. These fluids must come into contact w/ a mucous membrane or damaged tissue or be directly injected into the bloodstream
What does Epstein-Barre syndrome cause/complications? - ANSWER - First off it is a herpesvirus that infects B cells of immune system
Can cause Burkitt's lymphoma: large tumors in facial and abdominal
regions (cancer of lymphatic system)
Can also cause Infectious Mononucleosis: known as "kissing disease"
transmitted through saliva. It can cause fever, fatigue, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes
What complications result from Influenza virus? - ANSWER - First off it is an enveloped virus that can undergo rapid changes. This is also why there is annual renewal of the vaccine, because the vaccine of the previous year is not effective.
Complications: can cause fatal bacterial superinfections especially in
young children
Give examples of bloodborne pathogens. How can bloodborne pathogens be transmitted? - ANSWER - Hepatitis B, C and HIV
Can be transmitted during recapping needles, and cuts from contaminated sharp instruments. Also blood splash exposures (via the eyes, skin, nose or mouth) 3 / 4
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pg. 4 What are some environmental controls that can be taken to limit
transmission? - ANSWER - 1) Environmental cleaning: disinfecting
patient areas and non-porous surfaces that infected patient have touched.Generally cleaning is essential however
2) Patient Placement: place patient who contaminate the environment or
cannot maintain proper hygiene in private room 3) Positive or Negative Air Flow Room/ Units
What are some examples of organisms that are transmitted via contact? - ANSWER - Scabies, Shigella, Salmonella, and MRSA
What are some examples of patients that can transmit illness through droplet transmission? - ANSWER - Those infected with Pertussis, Pneumonia, influenza virus, and strep throat
What are some examples of organisms that are transmitted via the air (airborne)? - ANSWER - Tuberculosis, SARS, shingles (herpes zoster), measles, and Varicella
What pathogens are bleach wipes effective against? - ANSWER - Polio,
- Diff, HIV-1, MRSA, VRE, salmonella, pseudomonas, Acinetobacter,
gram negative rods, herpes simplex
What pathogens are germicidal disposable wipes effective against? - ANSWER - Bacteria, viruses, and TB
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