BKAT Critical Care Review (UPDATED 2023/2024)
CORRECTLY ANSWERED TO PASS
Normal Central Venous Pressure (CVP) range - Correct Answer 2-8 mmHg Normal Pulmonary Artery Occlusion Pressure (PAOP) range - Correct Answer 6-12 mmHg Normal Pulmonary Artery Systolic (PAS) range - Correct Answer 20-30 mmHg Normal Pulmonary Artery Diastolic (PAD) range - Correct Answer 5-15 mmHg Normal Pulmonary Artery Mean (PAM) - Correct Answer 11-20 mmHg Normal Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) range - Correct Answer 800-1200 mmHg Preload - Correct Answer volume left in the left ventricle at the end of diastole What is preload affected by? - Correct Answer venous return to the heart, atrial kick, total volume, and ventricular compliance What drugs can affect preload? - Correct Answer Furosemide and nitroglycerin Afterload - Correct Answer Amount of pressure heart has to overcome to pump blood out What drugs may affect afterload? - Correct Answer Vasoconstricters and vasodilators Contractility - Correct Answer the contractile force of the heart, how much will it take to move the preload out against the afterload What is the appropriate hold time after pulling an arterial line? - Correct Answer 5-10 min 1 / 2
What part of the heart does the PAOP affect? - Correct Answer Left ventricle What part of the heart does the CVP affect? - Correct Answer Right ventricle What does it mean when the PAOP is elevated? - Correct Answer Increased left ventricular end diastolic pressure that could be indicative of left ventricular dysfunction or failure What does it mean if CVP is elevated? - Correct Answer Fluid overload or decreased compliance (such as with ARDS and COPD) Difference between stable and unstable angina - Correct Answer Stable angina: pain happens with certain activities but then goes away with rest.Unstable angina: chest pain can occur at rest, becomes more sever or frequent, or lasts longer ECG changes with an acute MI? - Correct Answer ST elevation or depression ECG changes with hyperkalemia - Correct Answer Peaked T waves What conditions may cause elevated cardiac enzymes? - Correct Answer Trauma, acute MI, CABG, and pericarditis What is the goal of treatment with cariogenic shock? - Correct Answer to increase cardiac output What are the effects of nitroprusside (Nipride) and dobutamine (Dobutrex) on preload, afterload, and contractility? - Correct Answer They both increase cardiac output, heart rate, and contractility Special precautions of Nipride - Correct Answer It can cause severe hypotension and cyanide toxicity Where to listen to assess with a murmur associated with aortic stenosis - Correct Answer right upper sternal border
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