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Stage Theories of development typically describe ___ changes in behavior, cognition, or social relationships.
- Quantitative
- Incremental
- Qualitative
- Cumulative - Correct Answer - C. Qualitative
According to Erikson, when an individual fails to develop a strong sense
of identity, the individual will have troubles with the development of:
- Autonomy
- Initiative
- Intimacy
- Integrity - Correct Answer - C. Intimacy
Using Erikson's developmental theory as a framework, which of the following statements is an accurate representation of his ideas?
- An individual cannot progress to a later stage unless the earlier stage
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- Successful progression through the stages of development depends
- Successful resolution of a psycho-social crisis at each stage depends
- Highly intelligent individuals can skip specific stages and make
upon effective resolution of the Oedipal crisis.
upon having more positive than negative experiences in the area of major concern.
progress at a faster rate than other people. - Correct Answer - C.Successful resolution of a psycho-social crisis at each stage depends upon having more positive than negative experiences in the area of major concern
The belief that individuals create their own knowledge by interpreting new experiences in the light of past experiences is a fundamental
proposition of:
- Behaviorism
- Rationalism
- Transactionalism
- Constructivism - Correct Answer - D. Constructivism
An attempt to forestall the development of problems by promoting
health and wellness in the general population is called:
- Tertiary Prevention
- Secondary Prevention
- Primary Prevention
- Mediation - Correct Answer - C. Primary Prevention
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pg. 3 Replacing negative thoughts with positive ones would most likely be the goal of a/an _____ therapist.
- Behavioral
- Cognitive
- Psychodynamic
- Existential - Correct Answer - B. Cognitive
A counselor who believes that a thorough understanding of a client's childhood is necessary for successful treatment might exemplify _____ theory
- Existential
- Humanistic
- Cognitive
- Psychodynamic - Correct Answer - C. Cognitive
When a client consciously or unconsciously has reluctance to begin or continue a helping relationship, this is called
- Resistance
- Incompetence
- Stubbornness
- Rebellion - Correct Answer - A. Resistance
Any aversive condition that when removed from a situation increases the
probability that a given behavior will occur is a:
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- Negative Reinforcer
- Positive Reinforcer
- Reward
- Negative Punishment - Correct Answer - A. Negative Reinforcer
When Thomas has a tantrum and throws toys around the house, his mother tells him that because of his behavior he will have to forfeit his outside play privileges for the day.What type of reinforcement is she using?
- Positive Reinforcement
- Negative Reinforcement
- Positive Punishment
- Negative Punishment - Correct Answer - C. Positive Punishment
A therapist is paid a given amount of money per session. This most closely approximates which schedule of reinforcement?
- Fixed-Ratio
- Variable-Ratio
- Fixed Interval
- Variable Interval - Correct Answer - A. Fixed-Ratio
In classical conditioning, an unlearned, inborn reaction to an
unconditioned stimulus is a(n):
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