CPH Exam – Questions & Detailed Solutions The introduction of sewage into a stream is most likely to cause a measurable change in which of the following ways? ✔️Ans - increase in biochemical oxygen demand Which of the following is a priority air pollutant regulated by the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)? ✔️Ans - ozone A federal law is passed requiring labeling on food products. In subsequent years, the rate of obesity among adults decreases. Which of the following terms best describes the relationship between the law and the change in obesity rates? ✔️Ans - correlated When a public health issue emerges for which there is no "evidence base" to suggest a response strategy, which of the following actions on the part of a public health professional is most appropriate? ✔️Ans - Invest in data collection and community-based research to build a more thorough understanding of the issue Which of the following strategies is placed last in the hierarchy of controls for protecting the health of employees from workplace exposures? ✔️Ans - personal protective equipment (e.g., hearing protection) Which of the following United States federal laws prohibits a public health practitioner from sharing individually identifiable health information stored on public health department computer systems? ✔️Ans - Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Which of the following terms refers to the systematic method by which environmental exposure to a substance is quantified using information about the hazardous properties of the substance, human exposure to the substance, dose-response relationships, and risk characterization? ✔️Ans - risk assessment A group uses problem solving to reconcile underlying differences and create a win-win situation for the mutual benefit of all parties. This approach 1 / 4
exemplifies which of the following styles of conflict management? ✔️Ans - collaborating Which of the following historical events raised awareness of the need for the protection of research subjects and resulted in the 1947 creation of the International Code of Ethics for research? ✔️Ans - Nazi human experimentation A study of national patterns of smoking prevalence finds that the prevalence of women smokers is higher in countries with higher national income per capita, but lower in countries experiencing rapid economic growth. Among men, the prevalence of smoking is lower in countries with higher national per capita income, but higher in countries experiencing rapid economic growth.This finding is an example of which of the following phenomena? ✔️Ans - interaction Which of the following is the most accurate source of denominator data for calculating disease rates in a defined population? ✔️Ans - United States Census A health behaviors survey conducted in a large urban area includes a question about whether a person is a smoker. The company conducting the survey decides to increase the size of its random sample of survey participants from 1,500 people to approximately 20,000 people. This change will most likely have which of the following effects? ✔️Ans - decreasing the variability of the estimate A multi-state regional coalition is in place to identify successful state-level strategies for enhancing health care and other community services for children with special health needs. The coalition membership currently includes health care professionals and representatives from state departments of public health, housing, education, Medicaid, and social services. There is one remaining open seat. Which of the following representatives is most appropriate to fill the open slot? ✔️Ans - a member of a parent advocacy group Which of the following is the formula for point prevalence of a disease?✔️Ans - number of current cases / number of persons in the population 2 / 4
Which of the following is the most important limitation in the use of vital statistics data for public health research? ✔️Ans - Variables of research interest may not be collected Vaccination against polio provides lifelong protection, whereas influenza vaccines have to be administered each year. Which of the following statements best explains this difference in vaccine action? ✔️Ans - Influenza viruses mutate at a much higher rate than poliovirus Body mass index (BMI) is sometimes reported as age- and gender-specific z- scores. Such scores are best described as a function of which of the following?✔️Ans - the individual's BMI and the mean and standard deviation of the specific population A study is conducted to compare colorectal screening rates in white and African-American men. Researchers contact 50 white men and 50 African- American men older than 50 years of age by telephone and ask them if they have undergone colorectal screening. Fifty-five percent of white men and 49% of African-American men report undergoing appropriate screening. Which of the following tests is the most appropriate method of analysis of the survey data? ✔️Ans - Pearson chi-square (X2) test Which of the following molecules are produced by B lymphocytes during the host response to infection? ✔️Ans - antibodies A study investigates the relationship of age to body mass index (BMI). A sample of individuals is selected, and age and BMI are measured. As part of the preliminary analysis, a simple linear regression of BMI on age is performed using a statistical software package. The resulting estimate of ß (beta) from the analysis output describes which of the following? ✔️Ans - slope of the regression line Which of the following best describes the tendency for an insured person to overuse health services because he has insurance? ✔️Ans - moral hazard Assume that the true odds ratio between an exposure and a disease is 2.7.Which of the following results in an observed odds ratio that is weaker than the true odds ratio? ✔️Ans - poor-quality exposure information that introduces random error into the exposure classification 3 / 4
Which of the following organizations accredits local public health departments? ✔️Ans - Public Health Accreditation Board Which of the following infectious diseases results from inadequately treated drinking water? ✔️Ans - dysentery A researcher is calculating the infant mortality rate of several states. Which of the following methods is most appropriate to use during this analysis to adjust for racial differences in infant mortality rates among the states?✔️Ans - direct standardization In addition to ozone and particulates, which of the following pollutants is most likely to aggravate asthma? ✔️Ans - sulfur dioxide A county public health department has prepared the annual operating budget for its childhood vaccination program. It forecasts that 90,000 children will be vaccinated, requiring a total of 48,000 hours of nursing labor at an average cost of $25 per hour and 100,000 doses of vaccination at an average cost of $1.50 per dose. Fixed costs of the vaccination program, such as administration and overhead, are estimated at $50,000. Which of the following calculations is most appropriate to obtain the forecastA county public health department has prepared the annual operating budget for its childhood vaccination program.It forecasts that 90,000 children will be vaccinated, requiring a total of 48,000 hours of nursing labor at an average cost of $25 per hour and 100,000 doses of vaccination at an average cost of $1.50 per dose. Fixed costs of the vaccination program, such as administration and overhead, are estimated at $50,0 ✔️Ans - (100,000 x $1.50) / 90,000 In a community with 20,000 births in a given year, five births are premature.Which of the following values represents this in a manner that allows comparison with other populations? ✔️Ans - 25 per 100,000 A 22-year-old Latina woman brings her 13-month-old daughter to a health department clinic for routine well-child care. Both are enrolled in the Medicaid program. They live in an inner-city apartment building that the mother describes as "old and run down." The infant's diet consists of table foods; the principal protein sources are eggs, peanut butter, cheese, and canned tuna. Screening of the infant for which of the following conditions is
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